长三角重点外资企业的网络化扩展与动力机制研究

Networking expansion and its driving mechanism of major foreign enterprises within Yangtze River Delta

认识重点外资企业在长三角城市的网络化扩展过程对解析全球要素如何参与建构长三角一体化具有重要意义。通过跟踪改革开放以来长三角重点外资企业的网络化过程,建立“企业来源地—城市特征—历史路径—特定事件”的多维分析框架,解析重点外资企业在长三角城市扩展的动力机制。研究结果表明,重点外资企业在时间上经历了准备扩展、波动扩展、快速扩展和稳定扩展四个阶段,在空间上呈现出梯度演化的规律。亚太国家企业偏好邻近扩散,而欧美国家企业倾向于按等级扩散。经济基础、营商环境、自然环境和创新能力四类城市属性对企业扩展选址具有显著影响。重点外资企业在网络化扩展过程中存在明显的路径依赖,全球、国家及地方经济政治环境的变化均会对重点外资企业的扩展产生显著影响。

Understanding the networking expansion of major foreign enterprises within the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is a key step toward answering how global factors take part in the construction of the integrated development of this region. Against this backdrop, this research tracks the networking processes of major foreign enterprises in the YRD since the reform and opening-up. This research employs a multi-dimensional analysis framework constituted by sources of enterprises, city characteristics, historical paths and specific events, to decompose the dynamic mechanism behind enterprises’ networking progresses. The results are as follows: Major foreign enterprises have experienced preparing expansion, fluctuating expansion, fast expansion and stable expansion temporally, and represented phased evolution spatially. Asia-Pacific enterprises prefer to neighboring expansion, while European and American enterprises prefer to hierarchical expansion. Economic background, business environment, physical conditions and innovation abilities highly affect site selection of enterprises’ expansion. The effect of path-dependence is significantly existed in the networking expansion of major foreign enterprises. Global, national and local changes in terms of economic-political environments have the potential to affect the expansion of major foreign enterprises.