北宋国子监医学登科人的授官及其影响

The official appointment of medical graduates in the Imperial Medical College(Guo Zi Jian Yi Ke)in the Northern Song Dynasty

国子监医学是宋徽宗时期建立的专门培养儒医的医学教育机构。由于技术官制度和士大夫存在轻视技术官的观念,政府为国子监医学登科人制定了较优厚的授官制度,使得国子监医学生获得了与太学学生同等的仕途机遇,由此激励了众多士人习医。然而,这一授官制度也因为给国子监医学生"官州县"的机会而偏离了培养儒医的宗旨。尽管如此,国子监医学登科人的授官,体现了国家对士人习医从医的鼓励和对儒医的尊崇,从而改变了士人的医学观念,促进了儒医群体的发展壮大,也推动了宋代医学的发展。

The Imperial Medical College(Guo Zi Jian Yi Ke)in the Northern Song Dynasty was established for training Confucian physicians.The medical graduates from this college were granted superior official recognition but still received equal opportunities for their career advancement as other graduates for arts.This was partly because medical graduates were not well respected at that time and partly because the then government attempted to encourage more people to learn medicine.On the other hand,this official system seems to have not been successful in the purpose of training Confucian physicians because they were given more opportunities to be granted as governors of states or counties rather than remaining as Confucian physicians.However,the official system for the medical graduates showed the encouragement and the respect to Confucian physicians from the then government.It changed the medical views of upper class and promoted the development of traditional Chinese medicine.