基于环境DNA metabarcoding和底拖网调查的南黄海西部鱼类多样性比较

Comparison of Fish Biodiversity in Western South Yellow Sea Based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Trawl Survey

为探究环境DNA metabarcoding(eDNA metabarcoding)和底拖网在陆架海域环境下获取鱼类多样性和分布的差异,基于2020年夏季南黄海西部13个站位的环境DNA采样和底拖网调查数据,使用Alpha多样性指数和Beta多样性分析,比较了环境DNA metabarcoding和底拖网检测鱼类生物多样性的表达程度,探讨了使用环境DNA metabarcoding技术监测海洋生物多样性和空间分布的效果。研究显示:环境DNA metabarcoding检测出45种鱼类,底拖网调查检测出32种鱼类,重叠种类23种;在环境DNA metabarcoding结果中,小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis,27.20%)、方氏云鳚(Pholis fangi,21.16%)、黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon,18.67%)、日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus,8.59%)、小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus,4.06%)占有相对较高的读数;底拖网调查的结果中,小黄鱼(L.polyactis,16.14%)、日本带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus,16.13%)、黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon,12.95%)、方氏云鳚(P.fangi,12.80%)、细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae,12.45%)占有较高的资源量。研究结果表明:环境DNA metabarcoding和底拖网调查检测到的鱼种存在部分重叠,且环境DNA metabarcoding获取的鱼类种数高于底拖网调查(p<0.05);垂直多层采样能够进一步提高环境DNA metabarcoding检测对鱼类多样性的解释效果。环境DNA metabarcoding技术为传统的渔业资源评估模式提供了一种新思路,可作为传统渔业资源调查的有效补充。

The study was carried out in order to explore the differences in fish diversity and distribution by environmental DNA metabarcoding(eDNA metabarcoding)and bottom trawl surveying in shelf sea.Based on the eDNA sampling and bottom trawl surveying data at 13 stations in the western south Yellow Sea in summer 2020,we compared the expression level of fish biodiversity determined by eDNA metabarcoding and bottom trawl surveying using alpha diversity index and beta diversity analysis,and explored the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding in monitoring marine biodiversity and spatial distribution.In total,45 fish species were identified by eDNA metabarcoding,and 32 fish species were identified by bottom trawl surveying,of them,23 species were overlapping.As the eDNA metabarcoding findings,Larimichthys polyactis(27.20%),Pholis fangi(21.16%),Lophius litulon(18.67%),Engraulis japonicus(8.59%)and Chelidonichthys spinosus(4.06%)had relatively high reads.As the bottom trawl surveying findings,L.polyactis(16.14%),Trichiurus japonicus(16.13%),Lophius litulon(12.95%),P.fangi(12.80%)and Liparis tanakae(12.45%)accounted for high.The results showed that there was a partial overlap between the species detected by environmental DNA barcoding and bottom trawl surveying,and the number of fish species obtained by eDNA metabarcoding was higher than that by bottom trawl surveying(p<0.05);vertical multilayer sampling improved the accuracy of eDNA metabarcoding in detecting fish biodiversity.The eDNA metabarcoding technology provided a new way of fishery resource assessment,and can be an effective supplement to the traditional fishery resource survey.