从怀旧到媒介怀旧:传播心理学视角下的学术史分析

From Nostalgia to Media Nostalgia An Analysis of Academic History from the Perspective of Communication Psychology

在媒介与日常生活关系越来越密切的时代,怀旧也借助媒介从个人感觉变成社会现象。本文梳理了怀旧的内涵在医学、社会学、管理学、文学,以及传播学和心理学等学科的学术史脉络,区分了媒介与怀旧已有的关联方式,包括以媒介为对象的狭义媒介怀旧和模拟怀旧,以媒介为形式的中介化怀旧和屏幕怀旧,以及以媒介为工具的媒介化怀旧。基于传播心理学的视角,本文认为以往研究多侧重怀旧的情感成分,因此,有必要对其认知成分进行补充,并提出怀旧源于一种基于自我的时间观,对外体现为重新体验过去的渴望之情,当新媒介参与到记忆中时,这种时间观因可选择而变得多元,从而形成不同于怀旧的媒介怀旧,具体表现以返回式、复现式和重构式三种方式重现过去的媒介使用行为。

In an era when the media is getting closer and closer to daily life nostalgia is also closely related to the media.This article combs the meaning of nos⁃talgia from medicine to sociology management literature psychology and com⁃munication.It also sorts out the existing combinations of media and nostalgia in⁃cluding narrow media nostalgia and analogue nostalgia with media as the object mediated nostalgia and screening nostalgia with media as forms and medialization of nostalgia with media as tools.Furthermore from the perspective of communica⁃tion psychology since the previous studies focused on the emotional and affective component of nostalgia it is necessary to replenish its cognitive component.It also points out that the essence of nostalgia is a self⁃based view of time which is exter⁃nally reflected in the desire to experience the past again.When new media partici⁃pate in memory this view of time becomes diversified due to its selectivity.Therefore media nostalgia is the change of users'view of time after new media participates in memory which is embodied in different behaviors of using media to reproduce the past including three types returning media nostalgia reappearing media nostalgia and reconstructing media nostalgia.