为实现更加包容的STEM教育——联合国教科文组织推动女性参与STEM教育的实践与反思

Bridging the Gender Gap in STEM:UNESCO's Practices in Promoting Female Participation in STEM Education and Its Reflections

STEM学科是知识经济时代推动科技发展的关键,但当前女性在STEM教育中参与度不足的问题愈发突出。联合国教科文组织对STEM教育中的性别区隔问题长期关注,通过开展前瞻性研究、制定政策监测标准、建设参与者相关能力及搭建国际交流桥梁四个主要路径,以基于循证结果实施治理、兼顾顶层设计与基层探索及用多维视角解决问题为行动特征,切实促进了国际STEM教育的性别平等。同时,其后续行动也面临着诸如平衡国际标准与地方需求、创建更广泛的国际组织合作网络等挑战。联合国教科文组织的实践为教育系统的自我革新提供了借鉴,即通过教育以新民,改革教学过程,引纳性别平等意识,促进更多女性投身STEM领域,最终使教育系统成为打破STEM领域中性别区隔现象的关键一环。

STEM education is key to advancing science and technology in the Knowledge Economy Age,but the problem of women's under-representation in STEM education is becoming more prominent.The United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)has paid close attention to the issue of gender segregation in STEM fields.UNESCO promotes women's participation in STEM education globally by conducting proactive research,developing policy monitoring standards,building the capacity of participants and building bridges to facilitate international exchange and cooperation.UNESCO's action is based on evidence,combining top-level design and grassroots exploration while using multiple perspectives of problem solving.Meanwhile,it will face challenges such as balancing international standards with local needs and creating a wider network of international organizations to work with.The educational system can take inspiration from UNESCO's actions.By changing perceptions,reforming the teaching and learning process to incorporate gender awareness and promoting women's participation in STEM fields,the educational system will ultimately become a key part of breaking down gender segregation in STEM fields.