献血者献血前健康征询和体格检查淘汰情况分析

Analysis on the elimination of health consultation and physical examination of blood donors before blood donation

目的了解无偿献血者献血前健康征询和体格检查淘汰的原因,排除暂缓和永久不宜献血的情况,节约血液检测成本,确保献血者和受血者安全。方法对天津市血液中心2017年-2021年无偿献血者献血前健康征询和体格检查淘汰情况进行描述性统计分析。结果2017年-2021年献血者健康征询和体格检查淘汰情况存在差异(x^(2)=3024.941,P<0.05),淘汰人次逐年增多,淘汰率逐年增加,由2017年的2375人次,1.66%的淘汰率上升至2021年的7503人次,4.72%的淘汰率。体格检查项目中体检其他项(包含自我放弃、近期献血、证件不符)和血压占淘汰原因的比例最高,合计每年均占50%以上。受新冠疫情影响,2020年及2021年增加了疫情征询淘汰项。女性的特殊生理时期是其暂缓献血的主要原因。“曾患循环系统疾病”及“曾患精神系统疾病”淘汰率有上升趋势,“曾患恶性肿瘤”淘汰率逐年上升。结论进一步加强无偿献血及血液安全知识的科普,从低危人群中招募献血者,加强献血前健康征询和体格检查工作,建立固定的无偿献血队伍,保证充足和安全的血液。

Objective To understand the reasons for the elimination of health consultation and physical examination of unpaid blood donors before blood donation,eliminate the situation of temporary and permanent inappropriate blood donation,save the cost of blood testing,and ensure the safety of blood donors and blood recipients.Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the health consultation and physical examination elimination of unpaid blood donors in Tianjin Blood Center from 2017 to 2021.Results There was a difference between 2017 and 2021 in the health consultation and physical examination elimination of blood donors before blood donation(x^(2)=3024.941,P<0.05).The number of eliminated people increased year by year,and the elimination rate increased year by year,from 2375 people in 2017,1.66%of the elimination rate rose to 7503 people in 2021,4.72%of the elimination rate.Among the physical examination items,other physical examination items(including self abandonment,recent blood donation,and inconsistent certificates)and blood pressure accounted for the highest proportion of elimination reasons,accounting for more than 50%annually.Affected by the COVID-19,epidemic consultation and elimination items were added in 2020 and 2021.The special physiological period of women is the main reason for their postponement of blood donation.The elimination rate of"once suffering from circulatory system diseases"and"once suffering from mental system diseases"is on the rise.The elimination rate of"once suffering from malignant tumors"is increasing year by year.Conclusion Further strengthen the science popularization of unpaid blood donation and blood safety knowledge,recruit blood donors from low-risk population,strengthen the health consultation and physical examination before blood donation,establish a fixed unpaid blood donation team,and ensure adequate and safe blood.