论北宋应天府书院的官学化历程

On the Officializing Course of Yingtianfu Academy in the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋书院的兴衰过程,实是由私家办学到逐步官学化最终成为官学的过程。五代至宋初宋州戚同文学堂,真宗初年被首赐名为应天府书院。由于其特殊的政治历史地位与地理位置,及骄人的办学实绩,其官学色彩与官学化进程,比其他书院更明显、更快,也更具代表性。赐名后,官学色彩步步深化;改府学,由半官方教育向正式官学转化;升国学,使书院办学功能消失而书院教育式微。对这一现象进行研究,为认识北宋书院教育,具有典型的学术意义。

The rise and fall of academies in the Northern Song Dynasty is the gradual process from private schools to official schools.From the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty,Songzhouqitong Literature Hall was first given the name Yingtianfu Academy in the early years of Emperor Zhenzong.Because of its special political and historical status,and geographical location,as well as its remarkable achievements in running schools,its official color and the process of official learning are more obvious,faster and more representative than other academies.After being given the name,the color of official learning deepened step by step.With the changing into government schools,semi-official education turned to official education.By the promotion of national education,the academy school function disappeared and academy education declined.To study this phenomenon is of typical academic significance to understanding the academy education in the Northern Song Dynasty.