避难场所适宜性评价及服务范围空间相关性分析

Study on the spatial correlation between the suitability evaluation of emergency shelters and the service scope

为使应急避难场所空间布局合理,提升避难转移安置的效率,以武昌区内35个潜在避难场所为研究对象,从适宜性和服务范围双重角度探究避难场所空间分布的合理性。首先,从公众角度出发选择适宜性评价指标,然后运用熵权法与逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)相结合的方法得到评价结果,最后采用双变量Moran’s I进行避难场所适宜性评价与服务范围的空间关联分析,得到两者耦合空间分布特征。结果表明:目前武昌区避难场所适宜性与服务范围整体呈正相关关系且存在空间集聚现象,避难场所的适宜性受服务范围影响,但仍有部分避难场所呈负相关关系,这种关系因地而异。除此之外,提高避难场所的适宜性不能局限于增加有效面积,需要综合考虑多种影响因素。

To rationalize the spatial layout of emergency shelters and improve the efficiency of asylum transfer and resettlement,35 potential emergency shelters in Wuchang District were selected as the research objects for exploring the rationality of the distribution of emergency shelters.It is mainly discussed from two perspectives:suitability and service scope.Firstly,the combination of interview and questionnaire were used to find out the public preference in selecting emergency shelter,the evaluation indicators for suitability were selected from the public perspective.Then the emergency shelter suitability evaluation results were obtained by a combination of entropy weighting and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)methods.Finally,a bivariate Moran’s I was used to conducting a spatial correlation analysis of emergency shelter suitability evaluation results and service scope,achieving the coupled spatial distribution characteristics.The results indicate that the effective area,the number of entrances and exits,and the surrounding population density of the emergency shelter hold the greatest impact on the suitability of the emergency shelter.And the suitability of open places is much higher than schools.There is a positive correlation between the suitability of shelter and the service scope in Wuchang District at present.While the phenomenon of spatial clustering also exists at the same time.The suitability of the emergency shelter was influenced by the scope of services.However,there are still some shelters that show a negative correlation.Considering the suitability of shelters from the public’s perspective,the evaluation results are more realistic and objective.It shows that the suitability of an emergency shelter is affected by many factors.Therefore,such a relationship varies by location.In addition,improving the suitability of the emergency shelter cannot be limited to increasing the effective area of the emergency shelter.The impact of multiple factors on the suitability of the shelter must be considered.