新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株突变位点研究进展

Research progress in site mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants

新型冠状病毒Omicron(B.1.1.529)株于2021年11月在南非首次被发现,随后逐渐成为全球范围内主流毒株,并于11月26日被世界卫生组织定义为第5种关切变异株(variants of concern,VOCs)。本文从新型冠状病毒基因组和蛋白质结构、核酸位点突变和氨基酸位点突变等方面总结了Omicron株的突变趋势,从Omicron株与其他VOCs的序列比较、Omicron株各子代分支序列比较两方面阐述了Omicron株的突变位点特点,并进一步从免疫逃逸、毒力和传播能力等方面阐述了Omicron株位点突变后的影响,最后对小分子抗病毒药物、抗体和疫苗的研发方向进行综述,以期对接下来的相关研究提供参考。

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant(B.1.1.529)was first discovered in South Africa in November 2021 and has since become a mainstream strain worldwide.Omicron variant was defined as the fifth"variant of concern(VOC)"by World Health Organization on November 26,2021.This paper illustrates the mutation trends of Omicron variants in terms of SARS-CoV-2 genome and protein structure as well as nucleic acid site mutations and amino acid site mutations,describes the features of Omicron mutation sites in terms of lineage comparison among the VOCs and Omicron sublineages,and further highlights the influences of Omicron site mutations from the aspects of immune escape,virulence and transmission ability.Moreover,this paper also reviews the development of direct antiviral agents,antibodies and vaccines,aiming to provide reference for further investigation.