狂犬病病毒体外生存活力研究

Rabies virus viability in vitro

目的了解狂犬病病毒在体外组织和体液样本中的生存能力。方法通过病毒滴度测定、直接免疫荧光、RT-PCR和病毒分离实验室技术手段对体外组织和悬液中狂犬病病毒生存活力进行验证。结果随着温度升高,脑组织和悬液中狂犬病病毒活力逐渐下降,在56℃,30 min后病毒即失去感染力,在37℃时,组织中病毒活力可保持7 d;在pH9.6时,1 h后无法检测病毒活力;终浓度30%以上乙醇,500 mg/L以上次氯酸钠和100 mg/L以上苯扎溴铵对悬液中狂犬病病毒作用3 min后即可完全灭活;80%丙酮对组织中狂犬病病毒灭活作用最强,在浸泡4 h后样本即无法进行病毒分离。结论狂犬病病毒不耐高温,在pH6.8~7.4环境中较为稳定,常用消毒剂即可对病毒发挥作用;本实验旨在为狂犬病病毒的体外生存活力提供详细数据,为下一步狂犬病防控工作开展提供理论支持。

Objective To investigate the in vitro viability of rabies virus in tissues and body fluid samples.Methods The viability of rabies virus in tissues and suspensions was analyzed by virus titer determination method,direct immunofluorescence,RT-PCR and laboratory techniques for virus isolation.Results With the increase of temperature,the viability of rabies virus in brain tissues and suspensions decreased gradually.Rabies virus lost infectivity after 30 min at 56℃,but remained viable in tissues for 7 d at 37℃.The virus showed no viability after 1 h at pH9.6.The rabies virus in suspensions could be completely inactivated after the stimulation with ethanol at a final concentration above 30%,sodium hypochlorite above 500 mg/L or benzalkonium bromide above 100 mg/L for 3 min.It was found that 80%acetone had the strongest inactivation effect on rabies virus in tissues,and no virus could be isolated after soaking for 4 h.Conclusions Rabies virus was not tolerant to high temperature and relatively stable in the environment with pH6.8-7.4.Common disinfectants could kill the virus.This study provided detailed data about the viability of rabies virus in vitro,which would be conducive to the prevention and control of rabies.