孟子王道治理理念及其时代意义

Mencius' Governance Idea of Doctrine of Kingcraft and Its Significance of the Times

治理思想属于政治哲学范畴。中国古代治理思想就其理论源头来说,原本是先秦儒、道、墨、法四家七子(老、孔、墨、孟、庄、荀、韩)思想的题中要义。在诸子治理思想中,孟子尊王抑霸、仁政惠民、民贵君轻、以民为本的王道主义尤为突出,千百年来,它一直是历代开明君臣治国安民的理想,对封建制度自我完善提供着示范作用。近年来,诸子政治哲学再度成为先秦诸子学研究的一个新视域,不同于20世纪中叶那个特定年代以阶级斗争为纲、以阶级立场划线、以“进步”“反动”戴帽的实用主义哲学批判,而是一种科学的、理性的、建设性的历史文化反思,其目的是反思历史传统,增进文化自信,为建构新时代治道理论提供思想资源和文化支撑。

The idea of governance belongs to the category of political philosophy.As far as its theoretical source is concerned,the ancient Chinese governance thought was originally the essence of the four thoughts of Confucianism,Taoism,Mohism and Legalism(Laozi,Confucius,Mozi,Mencius,Zhuangzi,Xunzi,Hanfeizi) in the pre-Qin period.In the governance thoughts of various scholars,Mencius' kingship doctrine of respecting the king and restraining the hegemony,benevolent government and benefiting the people,valuing the people and light the king,and people-oriented is particularly prominent.For thousands of years,it has been the ideal of enlightened monarchs and ministers in the past dynasties to govern the country and secure the people,providing a model for the self-perfection of the feudal system.In recent years,the political philosophy of the philosophers has once again become a new perspective of the study of the philosophers of the pre-Qin period.It is different from the pragmatic philosophical criticism of the specific era in the middle of the 20th century,which took class struggle as the main line,drew a line from class position,and wore the hat of “progress” and “reaction”.It is a scientific,rational and constructive historical and cultural reflection,with the purpose of reflecting on historical traditions and enhancing cultural self-confidence,To provide ideological resources and cultural support for the construction of governance theory in the new era.