“智的直觉”与“理性的直觉”——牟宗三、冯契关于智慧的直觉之比较

“Intellectual Intuition” and “Rational Intuition”——On the Two Intuitions of Mou Zongsan and Feng Qi about the Thought of Wisdom

康德认为人只有感触的直觉而能获得知识,但并无关于智慧的直觉,故不能把握智慧。牟宗三与冯契则认为人具有关于智慧的直觉,能把握智慧。牟宗三由先验论的、价值的立场肯断道德意识,由之开出迥异于感触直觉的智的直觉,以摄物归心的方式把握存在,获得智慧。牟宗三这一思路缺乏客观实在的基础,其哲思与牟宗三消化康德哲学、恢复儒家心性论的哲学关怀是有内在联系的。冯契以实践唯物主义的立场,基于感触直觉与理性直觉的互动统一,在现象与自在之物的统一互动及天人交互作用中认识存在的统一原理与发展原理,即智慧,这与冯契融汇中西马及解释世界与改变世界的哲学关怀是内在关联的。

Kant believed that people can acquire knowledge only by feeling intuition,but they cannot grasp wisdom because they have no intuition about wisdom.Mou Zongsan and Feng Qi believed that people have intuition about wisdom and can grasp wisdom.Mou Zongsan asserts his moral consciousness from a transcendental and value standpoint,and develops an intelligent intuition that is quite different from the feeling intuition.He grasps the existence and obtains wisdom by taking things and returning to the heart.Mou Zongsan's thought lacks the basis of objective reality,and his philosophical thought is intrinsically linked with Mou Zongsan's philosophical concern of digesting Kant's philosophy and restoring the Confucian theory of mind and nature.Feng Qi,from the standpoint of practical materialism,based on the interaction and unity of feeling intuition and rational intuition,recognized the unity principle and development principle of existence in the unity and interaction of phenomena and things in nature and human interaction,that is,wisdom,which is intrinsically related to Feng Qi's integration of Chinese philosophy,western philosophy,Marxist philosophy,and philosophical care to explain and change the world.