预防性环境公益诉讼的定位与展望

The Orientation and Prospect of Preventive Environmental Public Interest Litigation

预防性环境公益诉讼应定位于执法诉讼性质,因此尊重行政机关风险判断,坚守监督职能为行政权提供运行空间就成为预防性环境公益诉讼的内在要求。对于我国预防性环境公益诉讼中面临的进程缓慢、民事诉讼框架与预防性环境损害救济契合度不高、预防功能实现尚存空间及诉前程序中证明标准较为严苛等问题,应当构建预防性环境行政公益诉讼制度并以其为主导:检察机关行使监督职能,在风险预防的过程中体现与行政机关的合作关系;在短期内对“重大风险”进行司法解释,长期确立预防性环境公益诉讼制度;同时也要重视诉前程序的独立价值,可申请临时禁制令实现预防环境损害。

Preventive environmental public interest litigation should be positioned in the nature of law enforcement litigation,therefore,respecting the risk judgment of administrative organs,and adhering to the supervision function to provide operating space for administrative power has become the inherent requirements of preventive environmental public interest litigation.Regarding the problems faced in China's preventive environmental public interest litigation,such as slow development process,low compatibility between civil litigation framework and preventive environmental damage relief,remaining space to realize preventive function,and strict proof standard in the pre-litigation procedure,a preventive environmental administrative public interest litigation system should be constructed and dominated by it.Procuratorial organs exercise their supervision functions,they reflect the cooperative relationship with administrative organs in the process of risk prevention In the short term,carried out judicial interpretation of*'major risks",in the long term,establish a preventive environmental public interest litigation system.At the same time,attention should also be paid to the independent value of the pre-litigation procedure,and a temporary injunction can be applied to prevent environmental damage.