阻燃型全生物基多元醇聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能研究

Preparation and characterization of flame retardant bio-based polyols polyurethane foam

利用环氧大豆油分别与乙醇和苯基磷酸发生开环反应,制备了两种不同的大豆油基多元醇(Polyol-E与Polyol-PPOA),将二者按照不同的配比与异氰酸酯(PM200)反应制备了硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料。对混合多元醇制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的泡孔结构、密度、力学性能及阻燃性能进行了测试和分析。测试结果表明,随着Polyol-PPOA质量分数的增加,样品的泡孔数量先减少后增加,泡孔尺寸先增大后减小。密度随着Polyol-PPOA的用量增加先增加后减小。压缩强度呈现先降低后升高的趋势,Polyol-PPOA为70%(质量)时的压缩强度达到0.133 MPa,在800℃时的残炭率达到17.57%,极限氧指数也在这时达到最高,为23.10%。

In this paper,two different soybean oil-based polyols(Polyol-E and Polyol-PPOA)were prepared by ringopening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil with ethanol and phenylphosphoric acid,respectively.Rigid polyurethane foams of all bio-based polyols were prepared by combining them with isocyanate(PM200)according to different ratios.The cell structure,density,mechanical properties,and flame retardant properties of the prepared rigid polyurethane foams were tested and analyzed.The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that with the increase of the mass fraction of Polyol-PPOA,the number of cells in the samples first decreased and then increased,and when the content of Polyol-PPOA increased,the cell size first increased and then decreased.The density increased first and then decreased with the amount of Polyol-PPOA.The compressive strength showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.When the Polyol-PPOA was 70%(mass),the compressive strength reached 0.133 MPa,and the residual carbon rate reached 17.57%at 800℃.The limiting oxygen index also reached the highest at this time,which was 23.10%.Through experiments,it can be found that the rigid polyurethane foam material prepared by using mixed polyols can not only have a certain mechanical strength but also improve a certain flame retardant performance.