北欧国家的腐败与反腐败

Corruption and Anti-corruption in the Nordic Countries

20世纪90年代以来,腐败问题已经成为世界各国政府都无法逃避的、极其敏感且复杂的政治问题和社会现象。腐败在北欧成员国中并不被视为一种严重的威胁。丹麦、芬兰和瑞典都没有专门的、统一的国家反腐败战略。北欧清廉的主要原因在于“以贪为耻的公民自觉意识”与“平民化”的廉政文化。同时,北欧的政治原则公开透明对公务员的管理“规则明确”且“软硬兼施”,既有高薪养廉的优厚待遇,又有轻刑必罚的威慑力,还有历史悠久的监察专员制度。北欧国家目前的反腐败主要聚焦海外贿赂和地方腐败。

Since the 1990s,corruption has become an extremely sensitive and complex political phenomenon that governments around the world can not escape.Corruption is not seen as a serious threat in the Nordic countries.There is no special,unified national anti-corruption strategy in Denmark,Finland and Sweden.The main reason for the cleanliness of the Nordic countries include“citizen consciousness to be ashamed of greed”,“Civilians”of the culture of clean government,open and transparent in place,highly operational with the rules of management of civil servants,generous treatment and deterrence coexist,and a long-standing“ombudsman”system.At present,the Nordic countries put their focuses on overseas bribery and local corruption.