“南北朝正闰问题”与近代日本“皇国史观”的构建

“The Orthodox Debates between the Southern and Northern Dynasties”and the“Emperor-centered Historiography”in Modern Japan

日本南北两朝皇统迭立引发的正统归属问题,到了近代已超越传统史学正统论的范畴,它与明治维新的合法性和尊皇倒幕的合理性达成契合。通过对教科书的修订,南北朝忠臣、奸贼人物形象的再塑造以及学术界、教育界和政界的正闰论争,“南朝正统论”成为主流。违背了实证主义和客观精神的“南朝正统论”与天皇制意识形态绑定在一起,不仅阻碍了近代日本史学的进步,而且对政党政治的衰弱和皇国史观的强化产生了深远影响。

The problem of orthodox attribution caused by the overlapping of the emperors in Japan’s North and South dynasties has transcended the category of traditional historiography in modern times,and it was in agreement with the legitimacy of the Meiji Restoration and the rationality of“Revere the Emperor and overthrow the shogunate”.Through the revision of textbooks,the re-creation of the images of loyal officials and traitors,and the debates in the academic,educational,and political circles,the“Southern Orthodox Theory”became the mainstream.The“Southern Orthodox Theory”that violated positivism and objectivity is bound to the ideology of the Mikado system,which not only hindered the progress of modern Japanese historiography,but also had a far-reaching influence on the weakening of party politics and the strengthening the concept of the emperor-centered historiography.