美国西北地区印第安战争的英国因素探析(1783~1795)

An Analysis of British Factors in the Indian War in the Northwest of the United States,1783-1795

1783年,英美签订《巴黎条约》后,英国为维护和巩固加拿大的安全与发展,企图借助印第安人的力量迫使脆弱的美国与印第安联盟缔结以俄亥俄河为界线的和平条约,继而建立一个英美两国都承认的独立且中立的印第安人缓冲国。为此,英国对印第安人采取了模棱两可的安抚政策来修复二者的盟友关系。西北印第安人在对美国的强硬态度做出应对时,英国的政策对他们具有严重的误导性,尤其是代理人的煽动与支持,让他们误以为在武力抵抗美国人的入侵时,英国会予以军事援助。这就促成印第安联盟坚定地以战争捍卫俄亥俄河西部地区。结果,印第安联盟因英国的再次抛弃而以失败告终。

After the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 between Britain and the United States,in order to maintain and consolidate the security and development of Canada,Britain attempted to use the strength of the Indians to force the fragile United States and the Indian confederacy to conclude a peace treaty with the Ohio River as the boundary,and then establish an independent and neutral Indian Buffer State recognized by both Britain and the United States.Therefore,the British adopted an ambiguous conciliatory policy towards the Indians to repair their alliance,which seriously misled the Northwest Indians in their response to American tough attitude.In particular,the incitement and support of agents led them to believe that Britain would provide military aid in the event of armed resistance to the American invasion,which led the Indian confederacy to defend the Ohio River west area in a determined war.As a result,the Indian confederacy failed when the British abandoned it once again.