桥梁与隧道施工常见质量问题的成因及防治措施研究

Research on the Causes and Prevention Measures of Common Quality Problems in Bridge and Tunnel Construction

桥梁与隧道是隧道项目的重要组成部分,也是其关键性控制工程,因受到设计勘察、地质条件、隧道软弱围岩变化等因素的影响,桥梁与隧道建设中都有可能出现一些质量问题,对此,需要在明确不同质量问题产生原因的基础上,在后续施工中采取有效措施加以预防。文章针对桥梁、隧道常见质量问题,如桥梁的孔位偏差、钢筋笼上浮、桩孔坍塌、夹泥断桩、蜂窝麻面,以及隧道的洞门坍塌、局部坍塌、喷射混凝土厚度不足、回弹量过大、二衬裂缝等进行分析,明确这些质量问题的产生原因和预防措施,以期为相关人员提供参考。

Bridges and tunnels are important parts of tunnel projects and are also its key control projects. Due to the influence of factors such as design survey, geological conditions, and changes in weak surrounding rock of tunnels,there may be some quality problems in the construction of bridges and tunnels. In this regard, it is necessary to take effective measures to prevent them in subsequent construction on the basis of clarifying the causes of different quality problems. This paper analyzes the common quality problems in bridges and tunnels, such as the hole position deviation, the floating of steel bar cages, the collapse of pile holes, the broken piles with mud, and the honeycomb surface of bridges, as well as the portal collapse, local collapse,insufficient thickness of shotcrete, excessive rebound,and secondary lining cracks of tunnels. The causes and preventive measures of these quality problems are clarified in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.