2000—2020年黄河流域国土空间格局演变及生态响应

Spatial pattern evolution of territorial space and its effects on ecological response in the Yellow River Basin during 2000-2020

黄河流域国土空间格局变化将深刻影响生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)和功能,科学揭示其响应规律是构建高质量国土空间体系的应有之义。为此,从“三生空间”视角切入构建了两级衔接的国土空间分类体系,借助转移矩阵和修正的ESV评估模型,刻画了黄河流域2000–2020年间多级自然边界的国土空间格局及ESV演变特征,并采用图谱法揭示了ESV的时空响应规律。结果表明:1)2000–2020年间,一级空间中的生产空间持续减少,生活空间逐渐增加,生态空间较为稳定;二级空间中,除了农业生产空间和其他生态空间面积减少外,其他均呈上升态势。转化类型以草地生态空间与农业生产空间、其他生态空间以及林地生态空间的相互转换为主,集中分布在流域中上游地区。2)近20a间生态系统服务价值总体看涨,由2000年的10976.59×10^(8)元上升至2020年的11210.96×10^(8)元,草地生态空间、林地生态空间贡献最大。空间格局呈现“中部及西南部最高,东北部和东南部较高,西北部最低”的特征,显著增加的区域逐渐增多。3)生态增值区范围分布广泛且分散,以其他生态空间转换成草地生态空间,农业生产空间转换成生态空间、草地生态空间转换成水域生态空间和林地生态空间为主;生态减值区范围逐步扩大,以生态空间转换为农业生产空间、草地生态空间转换为其他生态空间为主。研究结果能为黄河流域国土空间优化与生态文明建设提供参考和依据。

As an important economic zone and ecological barrier in China,the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)have led to drastic changes in territory space,significantly affecting the value and function of ecosystem services.Thus,the scientific revelation of ecosystem service value(ESV)response laws is an essential part of building a high-quality territorial spatial system.To this end,a two-tiered system of spatial classification of the national territory has been constructed from the perspective of“production-living-ecological”space.Details of the procedure are as follows.Firstly,based on the land use/cover data of the YRB from 2000 to 2020,the territory spatial transfer matrix was used to analyze the evolution process of territory spatial patterns within the natural boundary of the basin.Then,the crop yield data and NDVI data during the study period were used to revise the equivalence factor for ESV in the YRB.The spatiotemporal characteristics of ESV were revealed at the whole basin,secondary watershed and grid scales by using the modified ESV evaluation model and ArcGIS spatial analysis.Finally,the ESV map method was used to reveal the response pattern of ESV change in the YRB.The results show that:1)The territory space type of the YRB was mainly dominated by ecological space from 2000 to 2020.In the first-level space,the production space continued to decrease,the living space gradually increased,and the ecological space fluctuated was relatively stable.Except for the agricultural production space and other ecological space decreased,other spaces were on the rise.In terms of transition types,the territory spatial transitions of the YRB were mainly based on the mutual transformation between grassland ecological space and agricultural production space,other ecological space and forestland ecological space,which were mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the YRB.2)During 2000-2020,the ESV showed an overall upward trend,changing from 10976.59×10^(8)yuan in 2000 to 11210.96×10^(8)yuan in 2020.Grassland ecological space and forestland ecological space made the greatest contribution to the total ESV.The functional types of ecosystem services were mainly supporting services and regulating services.The change range of individual ecosystem service value was small,and the structure was basically stable.In terms of spatial distribution,the ESV showed the spatial pattern of“the highest in the central and southwest,the higher in the northeast and southeast,and the lowest in the northwest”,and the number of areas with significant increase gradually increased.3)The ecological appreciation zones were widely distributed and scattered,with the conversion of other ecological spaces into grassland ecological spaces,agricultural production spaces into ecological spaces,and grassland ecological spaces into water ecological spaces and forestland ecological spaces.The ecological impairment zones were gradually expanding in scope,with the conversion of ecological spaces to agricultural production spaces and grassland ecological spaces to other ecological spaces.The research results can provide reference and basis for land space optimization and ecological civilization construction in the YRB.