论失信惩戒的行政诉讼可诉性

On the Litigability of Administrative Litigation for Punishment of Breach of Faith

社会信用体系建设中的失信惩戒具有跨越公私界、形态多样、嵌入联合惩戒机制、多以非立法性规则为直接依据等特点。对于失信惩戒在行政诉讼中的可诉性问题,应当解除行政诉讼适格被告教义对行为可诉性分析的束缚,运用形式主义的主体进路、实质主义的功能进路和特定法律制度结构性安排的分析框架,首先甄别争议中的失信惩戒是否属于公共管理行为,而后结合联合惩戒构成多阶段行政程序的特点,对“不产生实际影响的行为”“内部行为”“过程性行为”等不可诉行为原理以及“行政行为违法性继承”原理进行有针对性地阐释和运用。

The social credit punishments have various forms that involve public entities and private actors as well,which are embedded in the joint punishment mechanism,and mostly based on non-legislative rules as the direct basis.Regarding the issue of the litigability of the social credit punishments in administrative litigation,it is necessary to remove the shackles of the doctrine of qualified defendants,and use an analysis framework with a combination of formalistic institution approach,substantive function approach and taking into consideration of the structural arrangements of a specifi c legal system to discern whether the punishment in question is an action of public administration.And then given that the joint punishments usually constitute a multistages administrative procedure or multiple administrative actions,there should be more targeted interpretation and application of the doctrines of“action that have no actual impact”“internal action”,“procedural action”and“inheritance of illegality of action”.