海域二氧化碳地质封存发展的国际经验与启示

International Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage in Sea Areas

美国、欧洲、日本是全球二氧化碳捕集与封存(CCS)的领导者和先行者。美国构建了以美国能源部(DOE)项目资助为引导,以美国地质调查局(USGS)等科研单位为技术支撑,以财税政策激励为动力的发展体系;欧盟和英国通过一系列国际大科学计划,充分发挥各国地学和海洋研究机构的专业技术优势,建立了陆海统筹、要素齐全、体系完备的二氧化碳封存研究网络;日本政府和产业界充分发挥各方力量,构建了“商业+科研+公益”三位一体的技术支撑体系。我国近海CCS潜力巨大,但前期调查研究薄弱,资源评价结果无法满足实际需求。建议充分借鉴国际先进经验,加快评价我国海底CCS地质条件和封存潜力,启动海底CCS国家示范工程,支持和促进CCS技术创新,开展海底CCS产业和绿色金融政策研究。

The United States,Europe and Japan are leaders and pioneers of global carbon dioxide capture and storage(CCS).The United States constructs the development system funded by the United States Department of Energy(DOE)projects,supported by scientific research institutions such as the United States Geological Survey(USGS),and motivated by fiscal and tax policies.The European Union and the United Kingdom carry out a series of international scientific programs,give full play to the professional and technical advantages of the geosciences and marine research institutions of various countries,and construct the research network of carbon dioxide storage with integrated land and sea,complete elements and systems.The Japanese government and industry have fully mobilized all forces to establish a three-in-one technology support system of"business,research,and public welfare".China's offshore CCS has great potential,but the preliminary investigation and research are weak,and the results of resource evaluation cannot meet the actual requirements.The paper suggests taking the advanced international experiences,accelerating the evaluation of geological conditions and storage potential of subsea CCS in China,carrying out the national demonstration project of subsea CCS,supporting and promoting CCS technology innovation,and implementing research on the subsea CCS industry and green finance policy.