中日建筑全生命周期碳排放对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Life-cycle Carbon Emissions of Chinese and Japanese Buildings

中国当前正处于快速城镇化阶段,推动了建筑用能需求和碳排放的持续增长。为了明确中国建筑的碳排放现状,基于全生命周期理论对中日办公建筑的全生命周期碳排放进行了核算对比。采用自下而上的清单分析法针对中日建筑差异开展了单体核算和统计分析两方面对比。首先,通过核算中国上海与日本东京的单体办公建筑全生命周期碳排放,明确导致碳排放差异的关键因素;其次,统计了40例中日办公建筑全生命周期碳排放数据进行各阶段统计均值对比,并分析导致差异的原因;最后,基于上海发布的公共建筑能耗年度报告和日本DECC数据库中的实际监测运行能耗,对比了上海与东京办公建筑运行能耗差异。结果表明,导致碳排放差异的关键是运行阶段和隐含碳排放,运行阶段贡献了70%的差异,隐含碳排放贡献了26%。值得关注的是,两种对比在运行阶段产生了不同结果,导致产生相反结论的关键在于运行能耗和电力碳排放系数。通过以上对比,一方面明确了中国在隐含碳排放和运行阶段仍存在较大减碳潜力,在节能、减碳和公众意识3方面给出建议;另一方面尽管单体核算和统计分析在运行阶段得出了不同结论,但其他阶段印证了单体核算结果的可靠性。

China is currently in the stage of rapid urbanization,which has promoted the continuous growth of building energy demand and carbon emissions.In order to clarify the current situation of carbon emissions in Chinese buildings,this study compares the life cycle carbon emissions of office buildings in China and Japan based on the whole life cycle theory.The bottom-up inventory analysis method should be used to compare the differences between Chinese and Japanese buildings in terms of single accounting and statistical analysis.Firstly,by calculating the life-cycle carbon emissions of single office buildings in Shanghai,China and Tokyo,Japan,the key factors leading to the difference in carbon emissions are identified.Secondly,the carbon emission data of 40 Chinese and Japanese office buildings in the whole life cycle are statistically compared,and the reasons for the differences were analyzed.Finally,based on the annual report of public building energy consumption released by Shanghai and the actual monitoring operation energy consumption in the Japanese DECC database,the difference of operation energy consumption between Shanghai and Tokyo office buildings is compared.The results show that the key to the difference in carbon emissions is the operating stage and the embodied carbon emissions.The operating stage contributes 70%of the difference,and the embodied carbon emissions contribute 26%.It is worth noting that the two comparisons have different results in the operation stage,and this paper the key to the opposite conclusion lies in the operation energy consumption and power carbon emission coefficient.Through the above comparison,it is clear that China still has a large carbon reduction potential in the embodied carbon emission and operation stage,and this paper gives suggestions on energy saving,carbon reduction and public awareness.On the other hand,although the monomer accounting and statistical analysis have reached different conclusions in the operation stage,other stages confirm the reliability of the monomer accounting results.