上海中心城区屋顶绿化建设发展评价研究

Research on the Evaluation of Green Roof Construction and Development in Shanghai Central City

上海屋顶绿化发展早、潜力巨大,但一直重视建设增量而忽视存续管理,影响其全生命周期生态效益的有效达成。利用Google Earth卫星影像判读上海中心城区的2008-2020年建成屋顶绿化,并进行逐年、分区新建量和保有量、逐年新建量同比增长率及存续期统计,结合既往政策、官方统计数据与分区实行情况调查,研判建设养护中存在的问题并对未来发展提出建议。结果表明上海屋顶绿化逐年新建以非花园式为主导,同比增长率各年差距很大;逐年保有量持续累积,花园式屋顶绿化保有情况更好;分区新建和存续存在差异,静安、黄浦、浦东新建较多,虹口存续情况较好;非花园式屋顶绿化相比花园式存续时长更短。上海屋顶绿化建设的问题主要体现在屋顶绿化建设类型结构有待调整优化、政策助力显著但有待进一步贯彻完善、各区屋顶绿化建设的经验有待探究总结、非花园式屋顶绿化存续期有待提高等方面,相应的策略建议包括:通过政策变更引领屋顶绿化发展方向、通过技术创新研发本地低维护产品、通过管理变革完善屋顶绿化建养市场。

Shanghai witnessed an early development of green roofs(GRs)of great potential but has been focusing on the increase in construction rather than the management of maintenance,which prevented the effective achievement of ecological benefi ts in a GR’s lifecycle.This paper used Google Earth satellite images to interpret the constructed GRs in the central urban area of Shanghai from 2008 to 2020,conducted statistics on the numbers of new-built GRs and existing ones year by year and district by district,calculated the growth rate of construction per year and estimated the duration of GRs.Combined with the previous policies,offi cial data,and practice surveys,problems existing in the construction and maintenance of GRs were analyzed,and suggestions were put forward for future development.The results showed the non-garden-oriented construction of yearly new-built GRs in Shanghai,the signifi cant variation of year-to-year growth in new-built amount,the continuous accumulation of yearly existing GRs,the better situation of GRs in garden type,the differences in the construction and duration of GRs among the districts(i.e.,Jing’an,Huangpu,and Pudong districts constructed more GRs while the GRs in Hongkou district have presented better duration),as well as the shorter duration of non-garden GRs than the garden GRs.The problems in the con-struction of GRs in Shanghai are mainly refl ected as follows:(1)The type of structure of GRs needs to be optimized;(2)The policies presenting signifi cant supports need to be further implemented and improved;(3)The experiences of GRs construction in each district need to be explored and summarized;(4)The duration of non-garden GRs need to be improved.The suggested strategies are:(1)Policies should guide the direction of GRs development;(2)Technic innovations should develop local GRs products of lower maintenance;(3)Management should improve the green roof construction and maintenance market.