乡村振兴背景下项目型集体经济的运行机制及困境——以陕西省和县金镇为例

The Operation Mechanism and Dilemma of the Project-based Collective Economy Under the Background of Rural Revitalization——Taking Jin Town in He County,Shaanxi Province,as an Example

推进乡村振兴必须大力发展农村产业。村集体是农村产业发展的重要主体。基于田野调查经验发现,中西部地方政府以项目制的方式支持农村集体经济发展,使农村集体经济发展由土地物业模式转化为项目物业模式,发展为项目型集体经济,具体表现为农村集体资产的项目化、集体组织结构的“去治理化”和农村集体管理方式的经营化。项目型集体经济发展带来新的基层治理困境:“项目依附”强化了村社分化,“政社分离”降低了干群利益联结,“项目经营”增大了经济风险。造成上述基层治理困境的根源在于项目型集体经济发展中村集体治权的弱化。破解集体经济发展所引发的新的治理困境,必须在集体经济发展中找回集体,平衡集体经济发展的经济性和社会性。

To promote rural revitalization,we must vigorously develop rural industries.The village collective is the important subject of rural industry development.Based on the fieldwork experience,it is found that the central and western local governments support the development of rural collective economy by means of project system.This makes the rural collective economy development from land property mode into the project property mode,development into the project-based collective economy.It is manifested as the project of rural collective assets,the“de-governance”of collective organization structure and the operation of rural collective management mode.The development of the project-based collective economy brings new predicament of grassroots governance.These difficulties are that“project attachment”strengthens the differentiation between village and community,“separation of government and community”reduces the interest connection between cadres and groups,and“project management”increases economic risks.The deep root of the above predicament lies in the weakening of village collective governance in the development of project-based collective economy.To solve the new governance dilemma caused by collective economic development,we must find the collective in the collective economic development and balance the economic and social aspects of collective economic development.