不同种类生物基增塑剂的制备及增韧聚乳酸研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation of Different Kinds of Bio-basedPlasticizers and Toughening of Polylactic Acid

聚乳酸(PLA)是一种具有优异机械强度、可再生和生物降解的热塑性聚酯,已经发展成为极具竞争力、最有可能取代石油基聚合物的新型材料,但是由于PLA固有的脆性严重阻碍了在工业领域的广泛应用.增塑剂可以提高聚合物材料的可加工性和韧性.当前常用的邻苯类增塑剂会对人体健康和生态环境产生不良影响,越来越多的国家和机构限制了其使用范围.因此通过添加生物基增塑剂来共混增韧PLA,并尝试扩展其应用是当前的研究热点.综述了最近几年植物油类、柠檬酸类、糖类衍生物等生物基增塑剂的制备及其改性PLA的研究进展,比较了几类增塑剂的优缺点,并分析了几类增塑剂的增韧效果及在增韧PLA过程中存在的问题.最后展望了PLA增韧需要重点解决的问题,以期得到性能更为优异的生物基增塑剂.

Polylactic acid(PLA)is a thermoplastic polyester with excellent mechanical strength,renewable and biodegradable,and it has been developed as a competitive new material to replace petroleum-based polymers.However,due to its inherent brittleness and low ductility high cost,PLA has been severely hindered from being widely application in the industrial fields.Plasticizers can improve the machinability and toughness of polymer materials.Currently,the commonly used phthalic plasticizers have adverse effects on human health and ecological environment,and more and more countries and institutions have limited their use range.Therefore,it is a hot research topic to blend toughened PLA by adding bio-based plasticizers and try to expand its application.In this paper,it was reviewed that the preparation of bio-based plasticizers such as plant oil,citric acid and carbohydrate derivatives and the research progress of PLA modification in recent years.It was compared the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of plasticizers,and analyzed their toughening effects and the existing problems in the toughening process of PLA.Finally,it was prospected the key problems to be solved for PLA toughening,in order to obtain better performance of bio-based plasticizer.