鸡粪和羊粪混合发酵对堆肥优势细菌演替和碳氮损失的影响

Effects of mixed fermentation of chicken manure and sheep manure on the dominant bacteria succession and loss of carbon and nitrogen in compost

【目的】通过探讨不同原料组合如何影响堆肥过程中优势细菌演替进而影响堆肥碳氮损失,为优化堆肥配方、降低堆肥碳氮损失提供理论依据。【方法】以鸡粪、羊粪和玉米秸秆为原料,以鸡粪、羊粪不同比例混合进行堆肥试验,研究了不同配比堆肥对腐熟度特性、养分含量及碳氮损失的影响,并对优势细菌与碳氮损失进行冗余分析。【结果】鸡粪堆肥中的碳氮损失远高于羊粪堆肥;相对于鸡粪堆肥,鸡粪和羊粪混合堆肥可以显著降低堆肥过程的碳氮损失,以鸡粪∶羊粪=1∶3处理效果最好,碳氮损失分别降低了15.63%、57.88%;优势微生物菌群与碳氮损失的冗余分析表明,鸡粪∶羊粪=1∶3处理显著促进了木质纤维素降解和具有固氮功能的细菌丰度,抑制了氨化与反硝化功能的细菌丰度。【结论】鸡粪堆肥过程中加入一定量羊粪,可以改善微生物菌群,降低鸡粪堆肥过程的碳氮损失,提高堆肥质量。

【Objective】This study explored how different raw material combinations changed the succession of dominant bacteria and the loss of carbon and nitrogen in compost,laying a theoretical foundation for optimizing compost formula and reducing carbon and nitrogen loss in compost.【Method】Chicken manure,sheep manure and corn stalk were used as raw materials in this experiment,and chicken manure and sheep manure were mixed in different proportions for composting test.The characteristics of compost maturity,nutrient content and the loss of carbon and nitrogen in compost were determined,followed by redundancy analysis between the succession of dominant bacteria and carbon/nitrogen loss.【Result】It was showed that the loss of carbon and nitrogen in chicken manure compost was much more than that in sheep manure compost;and compared with chicken manure compost,the mixed compost of chicken manure and sheep manure could significantly reduce the loss of carbon and nitrogen in the composting process.In the treatment that chicken manure and sheep manure were mixed at the ratio of 1∶3,the losses of carbon and nitrogen were reduced by 15.63%and 57.88%,respectively.The redundancy analysis between dominant microbial flora and carbon and nitrogen loss showed that the treatment(i.e.,chicken manure∶sheep manure=1∶3)significantly promoted the abundances of both lignocellulose-degradation and nitrogen-fixation bacteria,and inhibited the abundances of both ammoniating and denitrifying bacteria.【Conclusion】It was suggested that adding a certain amount of sheep manure to chicken manure in the composting process could improve the microbial flora and reduce the carbon and nitrogen loss in the chicken manure compost,and thus improve the compost quality.