根茎类中药材仿生挖掘铲的设计与试验

Design and research of bionic digging shovel for rhizome Chinese herbal medicine

【目的】针对挖掘阻力制约根茎类中药材收获机械发展这一问题。【方法】基于蝼蛄前足趾构型,设计了一种仿生挖掘铲。通过CAXA软件获取前足爪趾轮廓曲线,利用MATLAB进行轮廓曲线的提取,并借助EXCEL得到拟合曲线方程;根据轮廓曲线在SolidWorks建模软件中建立仿生挖掘铲模型,采用ANSYS Workbench软件对挖掘铲进行应力应变分析;最后通过土槽和田间试验检测挖掘铲减阻效果和挖掘性能。【结果】仿真结果表明,仿生挖掘铲强度能达到使用性能要求;环形土槽试验表明,仿生挖掘铲相较于平面铲具有一定的减阻功效;田间试验表明,仿生挖掘铲具有良好的挖掘效果。【结论】在铲面末端高度100mm到160mm的范围内,仿生铲所受阻力均小于平面铲,该研究能为根茎类药材收获机减阻降耗提供理论参考和设计依据。

【Objective】This study was conducted to solve the problem that digging resistance restricts the development of harvesting machinery for rhizome Chinese herbal medicine.【Method】A bionic digging shovel was designed based on the front claw configuration of Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeistr;the contour curve of the front claw toe was obtained by using CAXA software;MATLAB was used to extract the contour curve,and EXCEL was used to get the fitting curve equation.The model of bionic shovel was established by using SolidWorks software according to the contour curve;the stress and strain of the shovel were analyzed by ANSYS Workbench software.Finally,the drag reduction effect and digging performance of the digging shovel were tested by annular soil bin and field experiment.【Result】The simulation results showed that the strength of the bionic shovel could meet the performance requirements.The annular soil bin test showed that the bionic shovel had a certain drag reduction effect comparing with the plane shovel.Field experiments showed that bionic digging shovel has good digging effect.【Conclusion】The resistance of the bionic shovel was less than that of plane shovel when the height of the shovel surface end ranged from 100 mm to 160 mm.This study can provide theoretical reference for the design of harvesting machine of the rhizome Chinese herbal medicine,which was featured by a reduced drag and energy consumption.