4个引进橡胶树胶木兼优品种比较试验

Comparison Experiment of Four Introduced Timber/Latex Clones in Hevea brasiliensis

为了能够客观地筛选出适合我国植胶环境的橡胶树胶木兼优新品种,基于品种比较试验对4个国外引进品种‘热试09-5’‘热试09-6’‘热试09-7’和‘热试09-10’的产量及副性状进行综合评价。结果表明,4个参试品种中,‘热试09-7’表现出速生性状,4个参试品种的产量特性不明显,仅‘热试09-5’在开割第1年与对照相当,其他年份均低于对照。胶乳生理参数分析结果表明,‘热试09-5’的干胶产量、排胶初速度与对照差异不显著,而蔗糖含量低,硫醇含量高,认为该品种产胶潜力大,胶乳稳定性好,排胶快,糖利用率高。‘热试09-6’原生皮厚度较厚,树皮中乳管列数多,与‘RRIM600’相比,干胶含量、堵塞指数高,排胶初速度和蔗糖含量差异不显著,认为该品种有较好的产胶潜力,但胶乳代谢强度低,可考虑通过刺激提高代谢强度,达到增产的目的;各参试品种的生胶性能、硫化胶的物理机械性能及分子量和分子量分布差异分析结果表明,不同指标参数在品种间存在差异,‘热试09-5’的塑性初值最低,塑性保持率最大,‘热试09-6’门尼粘度最高,‘热试09-5’最低,‘热试09-7’有较大的重均分子量,呈现出较好的物理机械性能。在抗逆性表现方面,‘热试09-5’的风害断倒率最小,‘热试09-10’最高;抗寒前哨数据结果表明,在对照品种‘93-114’无寒害发生的情况下,‘热试09-5’寒害等级为1.00,‘热试09-7’为0.17。综合分析表明,4个引进品种的速生性状明显,‘热试09-6’有较好的产胶潜力,‘热试09-5’的抗风性优于对照,‘热试09-7’的寒害适应能力较好。综上表明‘热试09-6’综合性状较好,适合在海南中西部轻风区生产性试种。

In order to objectively select new rubber tree clones suitable for China’s rubber planting environment,the yield and secondary characters of four introduced clones‘Reshi 09-5’‘Reshi 09-6’‘Reshi 09-7’and‘Reshi 09-10’were systematically identified and evaluated.The results showed that among the four clones,just‘Reshi 09-7’showed fast-growing,not yet in yield.Only‘Reshi 09-5’was close to the control in the first taping year and was lower in other years.The results of latex physiological characteristics showed that,according to good latex stability,fast latex dis-charge and high sugar utilization rate,‘Reshi 09-5’showed good rubber production potential,had higher thiol content and lower sucrose content than that of‘RRIM600’,and there was no significant difference in dry rubber yield and initial speed of latex discharge between them.‘Reshi 09-6’had higher dry rubber content and plugging index,thicker original bark and more latex tubes number than‘RRIM600’,and there was no significantly differences in initial flow rate and sucrose content between them.It was considered that the variety had good rubber production potential,but the metabolic intensity of latex was low.It had better potential in latex production,but a low metabolic intensity,so the production could be increased by stimulated tapping.The results of raw rubber properties,physical and mechanical properties,mo-lecular weight and molecular weight distribution of vulcanizates of different varieties showed that there were some dif-ferences among the four clones.‘Reshi 09-5’showed the lowest in plastic initial value and Mooney viscosity,but the highest plastic retention rate.‘Reshi 09-6’showed the highest Mooney viscosity.According to larger weight-average molecular weight,‘Reshi 09-7’showed good physical and mechanical properties.In terms of stress resistance perform-ance,‘Reshi 09-5’had the lowest wind damage collapse rate and‘Reshi 09-10’had the highest.The results of cold-resistant outpost data showed that under the condition of no cold injury in the control clone‘93-114’,the cold in-jury grade of‘Reshi 09-5’was 1.00,and that of‘Reshi 09-7’was 0.17.The comprehensive analysis results showed that the fast-growing traits of the four introduced clones were obvious.‘Reshi 09-6’had good rubber production potential.‘Reshi 09-5’had better wind resistance than‘RRIM600’,‘Reshi 09-7’had good adaptability in cold damage.Among the four clones,‘Reshi 09-6’showed better performance in yield,girth growth,latex physiological characteristics and latex quality,and suitable to popularize and cultivate in same condition.