从工具理性到价值理性:高校创新创业教育的新功能观

From Instrumental Rationality to Value Rationality:The New Functional View of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities

创新创业教育应遵循什么样的价值理念和发挥什么样的具体功能,是高校创新创业教育组织变革时需要深入思考的关键性问题。基于马克斯·韦伯的理性二分法,对高校创新创业教育中的工具理性与价值理性问题进行深入考察。首先,从高校创新创业教育价值理性的本质诉求来看,高校创新创业教育的本质应回归“育人性”,动力应基于“内生性”以及功能应具有“多维性”。其次,从高校创新创业教育工具理性的现实表征来看,高校创新创业教育的实践偏离本质属性,发展受控于外驱力,认知产生功利化倾向。基于此,提出三点建议:一是重新审视教育理念,坚守创新创业教育的育人本质;二是创新激励评价机制,激发高校师生创新创业的内生动力;三是营造宽容失败的文化,扭转创新创业教育功利化倾向。

What kind of values should be followed and what specific functions should be played by innovation and entrepreneurship education are the key issues that need to be deeply considered when the innovation and entrepreneurship education organization changes in colleges and universities.Based on Max Weber's rational dichotomy,this paper aims to make an in-depth study of the instrumental rationality and value rationality in innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.First of all,from the perspective of the essential appeal of the value rationality of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities,the essence of innovation and entrepreneurship education should return to“human nature cultivation”,while the motivation should be based on“endogeneity”and the function be“multi-dimensional”.Secondly,from the realistic representation of the rationality of innovation and entrepreneurship education tools in colleges and universities,the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education deviates from the essential attribute,and the development is controlled by external drive and cognition,resulting in a utilitarian tendency.Based on these,suggestions as follows are put forward:First,we should re-examine the educational concept and stick to the educational essence of innovation and entrepreneurship education.The second is to innovate the incentive evaluation mechanism to stimulate the endogenous power of innovation and entrepreneurship of college teachers and students.The third is to build a culture of innovation that is tolerant of failure and reverse the utilitarian trend of innovation and entrepreneurship education.