聚氨酯微孔材料制备及其性能研究

Preparation and Performance Analysis of Polyurethane Microporous Materials

聚氨酯微孔材料因密度小和泡孔结构使其具有良好的减振降噪和隔热保温功能,但适应变形能力一般。为了提高材料的综合性能,采用预聚体法合成了预聚体、扩链剂、发泡剂和填料等原料含量不同的新型聚氨酯微孔材料。通过拉伸试验、硬度测试、压缩试验等手段,研究了原料含量对材料性能的影响。结果表明:适当增加预聚体或纳米碳酸钙含量可显著提高材料硬度,但同时材料的拉伸断裂伸长率明显下降;满足动静模量比小于1.3,且力学性能相对优异的配方为:预聚体、扩链剂、水和纳米碳酸钙的质量比为72∶0.84∶0.27∶4.53,该配方制备的聚氨酯微孔材料性能可满足相关工程要求。

Due to its low density and cellular structure,polyurethane microporous materials have good vibration and noise reduction and heat insulation functions,but it is not strong enough to adapt to deformation.In order to improve the comprehensive properties of this material,a new polyurethane microporous material with with different contents of prepolymer,chain extender,foaming agent and filler was prepared by prepolymer method.The influence of material content on material properties was investigated by means of tensile test,hardness test and compression test.The results show that increasing the content of prepolymer or nano-calcium carbonate can significantly increase the hardness of the material,but at the same time,the elongation at break of the material decreases obviously.The formula that meets the springrate ratio less than 1.3 and has relatively excellent mechanical properties is as follows:the mass ratio of prepoly-mer,chain extender,water and nano-calcium carbonate is 72:0.84:0.27:4.53.The properties of polyurethane micro-porous materials prepared by this formula can meet the relevant engineering requirements.