用典与原型:从楚辞到左思《咏史诗》的诗史演进

Allusions and Prototypes: Evolution of Poetry History fromChu Ci to Zuo Si’s Song of the Epic

借助认知心理学和认知诗学的原型范畴理论,基于文本细读,梳理从楚辞体至左思《咏史诗》的用典技巧和对士的原型建构。提出屈原依循类比思维、借助排比式用典、形成文学原型和认知原型并纳入古今对比的诗歌结构,以此作为情志的表现和人格的典范,并支撑修养操守和政治批判的功能。左思《咏史诗》在对楚辞体组诗用典技巧的接受基础上,建立了咏史诗体以结构养深情的用典美学品格。在楚辞的贤才与贞臣、两汉拟骚体诗的君子以及《古诗十九首》的游士的基础上,发展出寒士的原型范畴。认知原型的诗学表达促进了文学美感的发生,奠定了五言诗咏史诗体的基本美学结构。

With the help of the prototype category theory of cognitive psychology and cognitive poetics,this paper sorts out the allusions technique of Chu Ci style to Zuo Si’s Song of the Epic and the prototype construction of scholars based on the close reading of the text.It is proposed that Qu Yuan should follow the analogy thinking and use the skills of allusions to parallelism to form literary prototypes and cognitive prototypes and incorporate the poetic structure of ancient and modern comparisons,taking it as a model of emotional expression and personality,and supporting the function of self-cultivation,integrity and political criticism.He used it as a model of emotional expression and personality,and supported the function of self-cultivation,integrity and political criticism.Zuo Si’s Song of the Epic,on the basis of accepting the allusions technique of Chu Ci style,establishes the allusions aesthetic character of epic song style expressing emotion with structure.On the basis of the virtuous talents and virtuous ministers of Chu Ci,the gentlemen of the Han Dynasty’s Sao style poems,and the wandering scholars of Nineteen Ancient Poems,the prototype category of cold scholars is developed.The poetic expression of cognitive archetypes promotes the occurrence of literary aesthetics,and establishes the basic aesthetic structure of the five-character poetry and the epic poems.