“完”的例外音变研究

On the Exceptional Sound Change of "Wan(完)"

按照汉语音变规律,“完”字在普通话中本应该读huán,在历史上也确实有很长一段时间读huán,而如今却读wán。综览从汉代到民国的若干种字音文献,发现至迟在唐代开始就有了不读匣母的记载。“完”改读为wán的主要原因可能是由于受到古音演变中“匣喻合流”的影响,此外国家对于语音规范的政策也起到了一定的作用。

According to the law of Chinese phonetic variation,the word"Wan(完)"should have been read huán in Mandarin,and it has indeed been read huán for a long time in history,but now it is read wán,and there has been an exception of sound change.First of all,the basic phonetic appearance and phonetic correspondence of"Wan(完)"are analyzed.This article reviews several phonetic documents from the Han Dynasty to the Republic of China,the pronunciation of"end"is investigated in stages,and finds that there have been records of unreadable mothers since the Tang Dynasty.Finally,the reasons for reprofiling"Wan(完)"to wán are analyzed.There are two reasons.First,the reason why"Wan(完)"has been read to wán may be due to the influence of the"merges of MC Xia匣and Yu喻initials"in the ancient sound evolution.Second,the state's policy on voice standardization has also played a role.