人人都有体面的工作:中国就业保障制度刍议

Decent Work for All:A Humble Opinion on System of Job Guarantee in China

“自然失业率”就像“自然文盲率”一样是一个不科学的概念,它漠视令人震惊的失业代价,建立就业保障制度完全可以做到“人人都有体面的工作”。近年来,作为经济改革的下一个重要的和常识性的思想,就业保障的思潮在西方国家悄然兴起。就业保障制度是一种新兴的宏观经济管理框架,它使用具有明显社会经济优势的“就业缓冲储备”替代了“自然失业率”的政策框架。本文扼要论述了就业保障的四大制度性功能:宏观经济的自动稳定器、就业安全网、预防性制度和共同富裕的推进器,讨论了就业保障计划的管理、已有实践和工作岗位等具体问题。就业保障计划可以构建为就业优先战略的两大支柱之一,实现“精准就业”的政策目标,本文建议进行就业保障计划的试点工作,并将其视为“健全就业公共服务体系”的重要尝试。就业保障计划对于提高经济增长率、缩小收入差距和有力地打开“国内大循环”的新局面具有十分重要的政治和战略意义。

The"natural rate of unemployment",like the"natural illiteracy rate",is an unscientific concept as it ignores the staggering cost of unemployment.As a matter of fact,establishing a System of Job Guarantee can realize"decent work for all".In recent years,as the next important and common-sense idea of economic reform,the thought of Job Guarantee quietly emerges in Western countries.Job Guarantee is a newly emerged macroeconomic management framework that replaces the policy framework of the"natural rate of unemployment"with the"employment buffer reserve"which is of distinct socio-economic advantages.This paper briefly discusses four institutional functions of Job Guarantee as follows:automatic stabilizer of macro-economy,employment safety net,preventive system and propeller of common prosperity.It also discusses specific issues such as the management of Job Guarantee plan,existing practices and jobs.Job Guarantee plan can be constructed as one of the two pillars of the Strategy with Employment as a Priority to achieve the policy goal of"targeted employment".This paper recommends that Job Guarantee plan should be piloted,which can be regarded as a major attempt to"improve the public employment service system".Job Guarantee is of great political and strategic significance to increase the economic growth rate,narrow the income gap and create a new situation in which domestic economic cycle can be effectively boosted.