我国城乡居民收入分布的演变特点与影响因素

Evolutionary Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Income Distribution of Urban and Rural Residents in China

构建橄榄型收入分配格局是推动实现共同富裕的重要方面,居民收入的正态分布特征是橄榄型分配格局的重要体现。基于中国居民收入调查数据发现,改革开放以来我国城乡居民收入水平不断提高,但基尼系数出现先升后降的趋势,分城镇、农村的居民收入分布基本呈右偏的偏态分布特征,与理想中的正态分布格局有差距。其中主要原因在于初次收入分配造成的收入分布偏离正态分布,而转移净收入等再分配功能尚不能实现纠偏作用。建议在加强居民收入差距监测的基础上,多渠道增加居民收入,扩大中等收入群体,不断增强税收、社会保障和转移支付等再分配作用。

Building an olive-shaped pattern of income distribution is key to realize the goal of promoting common prosperity,and the normal distribution characteristics of residents'income is an important aspect of the olive-shaped pattern.Based on the data of China's residents income survey,it is found that the income level of urban and rural residents in China has been increasing since the reform and opening up,but the Gini coefficient has a trend of rising first and then falling.The distribution of residents'income by urban and rural areas is basically skewed to the right,which shows there is a gap between the current pattern and the ideal normal distribution pattern.The main reason for this is that the income distribution caused by the primary income distribution deviates from the normal distribution,while the redistribution functions such as the transfer of net income cannot effectly adjust the skewed distribution and put it right.It is recommended that on the basis of strengthening the monitoring of residents'income gap,we should increase residents'income through multiple channels,expand middle-income groups,and constantly strengthen the role of redistribution in tax revenues,social security and transfer payment.