环境污染感知对固定和灵活就业群体健康影响的差异——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

Environmental Pollution and Health Perceived by Workers in Permanent and Flexible Employment:Correlation and Difference--an empirical analysis based on CGSS data

本研究利用CGSS2015和2017的数据,运用二元Logit回归模型及Fairlie非线性分解方法,实证分析了环境污染感知对固定就业和灵活就业群体自评健康影响的差异,研究发现:环境污染感知程度的提升会显著降低劳动者自评健康水平,对灵活就业劳动者的负向作用更大;异质性和Fairlie非线性分解结果显示,环境污染感知对固定和灵活就业群体的健康差异贡献度在东部地区、青年人群中更大,但随着年份推移,两就业群体因环境污染感知产生的健康差异在缩小;分化调节机制显示,超时劳动会显著强化环境污染对劳动者健康的不利影响,而收入水平和社会地位的提升会抵消负向效应,调节效应在灵活就业群体中作用更大。因此,政府需持续推动绿色经济发展,并提升灵活就业群体的职业地位;企业需针对灵活用工强化工作环境污染管理和监督,并完善特殊工时和薪酬制度;劳动者个体要提高自身健康素养和环境风险应对能力。

Through using the data of cgss2015 and 2017 and the binary logistic regression model and Fairlie nonlinear decomposition method,this study analyses the correlation between perceived environmental pollution and health levels self-rated by workers in permanent and f lexible employment.The research finds that:(1)the higher the extent to which the environmental pollution perceived by workers,the lower the health levels rated by them,and it has a greater negative impact on workers in flexible employment;(2)The results of heterogeneity and Fairlie nonlinear decomposition show that the difference between workers in permanent employment and in flexible employment in terms of environmental pollution perception and health levels is greater,especially among young workers in the Eastern Region.However,the difference narrows gradually with the passage of years;(3)The differentiation mechanism shows that overtime work will significantly strengthen the adverse impact of environmental pollution on workers'health,while the improvement of income level and social status will offset the adverse effect.In the meantime,adjustment measures can play a bigger role among workers in flexible emploment.Therefore,the government should continue to promote the development of green economy and improve the social status of workers in flexible employment.Enterprises should strengthen manangement and supervision of pollution in workplaces where flexible workers are employed while improving the special working hours and salary system.Individual workers should also improve their ability to address issues on health and risks in environment.