湖北烟区田间生产环节农机适用性影响因素分析

Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Applicability of Agricultural Machinery in the Field Production Link of Hubei Tobacco Region

【目的】进一步明确影响湖北省不同烟区农业生产机械化作业率的主要因素和改造创新关键环节,从而有针对性地进行改进研究,提高农机配置与应用融合度。【方法】对湖北省恩施州、宜昌市、十堰市和襄阳市的4个烟叶生产县的核心示范区农机配置、使用现状以及农机作业生产条件进行调查研究。【结果】湖北烟区农机动力范围以50 HP~90 HP大中型和4HP~10HP小微型两类为主,50HP以上动力配置大中型农机的作业质量和作业效率优于小微型农机。耕整地环节大中型农机适用性较高,缓坡平地和地块连片性较高区域大中型农机适用性较高。田间通达度和田块平整度是机型选择的重要影响因素,地块面积和形状对机型适用性影响也较为明显,受农机农艺融合度较差限制的主要是移栽和采收环节。【结论】在宜机化水平较高区域,提高大中型农机作业率;在宜机化水平偏低区域,加大宜机化改造的同时提高小微型农机作业效率;在宜机化水平较低、适用农机较少区域,研制全部或部分替代人工的便携式农机具,降低人工劳动强度。

[Objective]To further clarify the main factors that affect the mechanization rate of agricultural production in different tobacco areas in Hubei Province and the key links of transformation and innovation,so as to carry out targeted improvement research and improve the integration of agricultural machinery configuration and application.[Method]An investigation was conducted in the core demonstration areas of four tobacco production counties in Enshi Prefecture,Yichang City,Shiyan City,and Xiangyang City,Hubei Province about the configuration of agricultural machinery,the current situation of its use,and the production conditions of agricultural machinery operations.[Result]The power range of agricultural machinery in Hubei tobacco growing areas is mainly divided into two types:50 HP to 90 HP large and medium-sized agricultural machinery and 4 HP to 10 HP small and micro agricultural machinery.The operation quality and efficiency of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery equipped with power above 50 HP are better than those of small and micro agricultural machinery.The applicability of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery in the cultivation and land preparation process is high,and the applicability of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery is high in areas with gentle slopes,flat land,and high plot connectivity.Field accessibility and field flatness are important influencing factors for model selection.The area and shape of the plot also have a significant impact on the suitability of the model.The main limitations of poor integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy are the transplanting and harvesting processes.[Conclusion]In areas with high levels of suitable mechanization,improve the operation rate of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery.In areas with low levels of suitable mechanization,increase the transformation of suitable mechanization while improving the operational efficiency of small and micro agricultural machinery.In areas with low levels of suitable mechanization and few suitable agricultural machinery,develop portable agricultural machinery that can completely or partially replace manual labor to reduce manual labor intensity.