施氮量和留叶数对豫南烟区高成熟度上部烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Remained Leaves on Yield and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves with High Maturity in Southern Henan Tobacco Area

以南阳烟区主栽品种云烟87为供试材料,设置了16个不同施氮量和留叶数组合的对比试验,探究了施氮量和留叶数对豫南烟区高成熟度烤烟上部叶产质量的影响,确定了当地烤烟上部叶生产的最佳施氮量和留叶数组合。结果表明,施氮量和留叶数对云烟87烟株的农艺性状影响显著。当留叶数相同时,随着施氮量的增加,烤烟上部叶的产量和产值上升,总糖和还原糖含量下降,烟碱和总氮含量增加,糖碱比下降,钾氯比和氮碱比增加,香气物质含量先增加后下降,烟气质量、烟气丰富程度总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势。当施氮量相同时,随着留叶数的增加,烤烟上部叶的产量和产值下降,烟碱和总氮含量显著下降,总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比提高,香气物质含量先增加后下降,烟气质量和感官总分总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势。综合各项指标得出,在施氮量为60 kg/hm^(2)、留叶数为18片/株处理下的烟叶整体质量最好,表现为产量和产值较高,叶片疏松程度高、油分足、烟叶成熟度高、化学成分比例较协调、香气物质充足、感官品质较好,可用于指导当地高成熟度烤烟上部叶的生产和收购。

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen application rate and leaf number on the yield and quality of upper tobacco leaves with high maturity in southern Henan tobacco area,Yunyan 87 was selected as the test material in Nanyang,and the field experiment of 16 different combinations of nitrogen application rate and remaining leaf number was conducted to determine the optimal combination of nitrogen application and remaining leaf number for the upper tobacco leaves production.The results showed that nitrogen application rate and remaining leaf number had significant effects on the agronomic traits of tobacco plants.At the same level of remaining leaf number,as the nitrogen application rate increased,the yield and output value of the upper leaves increased.The total sugar and reducing sugar decreased,and the content of nicotine and total nitrogen increased.The sugar-base ratio decreased,and the potassium-chlorine ratio and the nitrogen-base ratio increased.The flue gas quality and flue gas richness increased first and then decreased.At the same level of nitrogen application rate,as the number of remaining leaves increased,the yield and output value of the upper leaves decreased,and the nicotine and total nitrogen decreased significantly.The ratio of total sugar,reducing sugar and sugar-nicotine ratio increased.The aroma substance first increased and then decreased,and the flue gas quality and sensory total score showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Based on these data,the overall quality of tobacco leaves treated with the nitrogen application rate of 60 kg/hm^(2) and the remaining leaves of 18 leaves per plant was the best.The upper tobacco leaves were manifested as high yield and yield value,high leaf looseness,sufficient oil separation,high maturity,more coordinated chemical composition ratio,and better sensory quality,which could be used to guide the production and purchase of high maturity upper leaves.