耕作方式与有机物投入对旱地红壤水稳性团聚体和作物产量的影响

Effects of Tillage Methods and Organic Input on Water-stable Aggregates and Crop Yield in Upland Red Soil

利用2015年设置的旱地红壤耕作方式与有机肥投入试验,选取旋耕(R)、浅翻耕(S)、深翻耕(D)3个耕作方式为主处理,单施化肥(NM)、化肥和新鲜猪粪配施(PM)、化肥和粉碎水稻秸秆配施(CS)、化肥和新鲜肥田萝卜配施(GS)4个有机物投入种类为副处理,分析不同耕作方式与有机物投入对旱地红壤耕层水稳性团聚体及稳定性、土壤有机碳含量和作物产量的影响。连续5 a不同耕作与有机物投入试验结果表明:(1)旱地红壤水稳性团聚体组成发生改变,团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和大团聚体含量(R_(0.25))显著提高,浅翻耕和肥田萝卜(SGS)措施提高水稳性团聚体稳定性效果较好。(2)不同耕作方式与有机物投入协同提高了土壤SOC含量,0~15 cm土层提高了4.52%~20.80%,15~30 cm土层提高了13.05%~20.96%。(3)花生产量提高了10.91%~40.07%,以浅翻耕和肥田萝卜措施(SGS)效果最佳;相关性分析表明花生产量与表层土壤SOC含量、MWD极显著正相关,与R_(0.25)显著正相关。

Based on the experiment of tillage method and organic fertilizer input of red soil in dryland in 2015,three tillage methods of rotary tillage(R),shallow tillage(S)and deep tillage(D)were selected as the main treatment,and four organic input types of single fertilizer(NM),fertilizer combined with fresh pig manure(PM),fertilizer combined with crushed rice straw(CS),fertilizer combined with fresh green radish straw(GS)were treated as side treatments.The effects of different tillage methods and organic input on water-stable aggregates and stability,soil organic carbon(SOC)and crop yield in upland red soil were analyzed.The results of five consecutive years of different tillage and organic matter input showed that:(1)The composition of water-stable aggregates changed,and the mean weight diameter of aggregates(MWD)and the content of large aggregates(R_(0.25))were significantly increased.The stability of water-stable aggregates was better improved by shallow tillage and fertilizing radish(SGS).(2)Different tillage methods and organic matter input synergically increased SOC content by 4.52%~20.80%in 0~15 cm soil layer and 13.05%~20.96%in 15~30 cm soil layer.(3)The peanut yield was increased by 10.91%~40.07%,and the best results were obtained by shallow tilling and fresh green radish straw input(SGS).The correlation showed that peanut yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with surface soil SOC and MWD,and was significantly positively correlated with R_(0.25).