基于历时语料库的中日同形词词源考察——以“人间”和「人間」为例

A Study on the Etymology of the Chinese-Japanese Homographs Based on Diachronic Corpuses——Taking the Chinese"Renjian"and the Japanese"Ningen"as Examples

该文采用历时语料库的方式考察了中日同形词“人间”和「人間」的词源及历史动向。语料考察发现:“人间”一词诞生于我国战国时期,有“世俗社会”和“人”两种意思,但最终只有前者保留了下来。对于「人間」:「ひとま」的读音始于奈良时代而终于镰仓时代,其释义受到了我国春秋时期“偶遇”词“人∣间”的影响;「じんかん」的读音始于平安时代,受到了白居易诗歌的影响;「にんげん」的读音始于平安时代的《枕草子》,起初和「じんかん」表示同一概念,指“人类社会”,后来自镰仓时代起,其意义稳定在“人类”上。

This paper examines the etymology and historical trend of the Chinese-Japanese Homographs"Renjian"and"Ningen"by means of Diachronic Corpuses.Through the corpus investigating,it is found that the word"Renjian"was born in the Warring States Period,with two meanings of"secular society"and"human",but in the end,only the former survived.And the word"Ningen"is as follows.The pronunciation of"hitoma"began in the Nara Era and ended in the Kamakura Era,and its interpretation was influenced by the accidental word"Renjian"in the Chunqiu Period in China.The pronunciation of"Jinkan"began in the Heian Era and was influenced by Bai Juyi's poems.The pronunciation of"Ningen"begins with The Pillow Book in the Heian era.At first,it expresses the same concept—refers to"human society"—as"Jinkan".Later,since the Kamakura Era,its meaning has been stable on"human".