美术馆观众与观展行为研究综述及展望

Research Summary and Prospect on Audience and Exhibition Behavior in Art Museums

经典的美术馆观众(艺术观众)研究,围绕着“阶级”“性别”“种族”等人之属性,探讨文化艺术实践。文化资本理论为准确把握美术馆观众的行为提供了重要的理论基石。近年来关于美术馆观众行为的研究呈现出几个特征,一是较多为消费者行为学、心理学、艺术教育的跨学科领域,比如考察摄影对观展记忆的影响研究、摄影动机研究等;二是多立足于西方文化艺术实践语境,且经验性研究较少。最为重要的是,数字时代下,美术馆观众的文化实践行为呈现出一些新现象,比如线下摄影打卡、线上社交媒体传播等。该研究综述从经典的“艺术观众”相关研究切入,继而对近年来国内外的美术馆观众行为研究进行梳理,以期对该领域研究概貌、研究走向有一个清晰的把握与展望。

The classic art museum audience(art audience)research focuses on the nature of"class""gender""race"and other attributes,and explores cultural and artistic practices.The theory of cultural capital provides an important theoretical foundation for accurately grasping the behavior of the gallery audience.In recent years,the research on the audience behavior of art museums has shown several characteristics.First,it is mainly in the interdisciplinary fields of consumer behavior,psychology,and art education,such as the research on the impact of photography on the memory of exhibition,the research on photography motivation,and so on.Second,most of them are based on the context of western culture and art practice,and empirical research is less.The most important thing is that in the digital era,the cultural practice behavior of art gallery audiences presents some new phenomena,such as offline photography,online social media communication,and so on.This research review starts from the classic"art audience"related research,and then combs the research on audience behavior of art museums at home and abroad in recent years,with a view to having a clear grasp and prospect of the research overview and research trend in this field.