吸附法处理重金属废水污染的研究进展

Research Progress in the Treatment of Heavy Metal Wastewater by Adsorption

重金属在环境中只能迁移和转化,不能够被降解,因此重金属被排入到环境中以后,会严重破坏生态环境,对动植物和人体健康造成威胁。目前,重金属废水处理已成为急需解决的问题之一,为此需要合理应用现代化技术手段使其能够做到无害化排放,常见技术方法包括沉淀法、吸附法、电化学法、膜分离法等,其中吸附法因其耗资更少、操作简单,为此被广泛应用于重金属废水污染处理中,以此为后续领域发展提供帮助。通过吸附法处理重金属废水,最为关键的是得到高性能、低成本的吸附剂,本文对吸附法处理重金属废水的原理进行了分析,并且对吸附剂在处理重金属废水的研究进展进行了介绍,探讨吸附法处理重金属废水的机理,包括物理吸附、化学吸附和生物吸附三个部分,随后分析了重金属废水所用吸附剂,包括碳基吸附剂、纳米材料吸附剂、矿物吸附剂、高分子吸附剂以及生物吸附剂,切实提高重金属水污染的处理效果,以期能够为相关人员提供参考和借鉴。

Heavy metals can only migrate and transform in the environment and cannot be degraded.Therefore,after being discharged into the environment,heavy metals will seriously damage the ecological environment and pose a threat to animals,plants and human health.At present,heavy metal wastewater usually needs to be treated before being discharged.The commonly used heavy metal wastewater treatment methods include chemical precipitation method,adsorption method,electrochemical membrane separation method,etc.The adsorption method has the characteristics of simple operation and low price,and has certain advantages in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment.The key to the treatment of heavy metal wastewater by adsorption is to obtain high-performance and low-cost adsorbent.In this paper,the principle of treating heavy metal wastewater by adsorption method is analyzed,and the research progress of adsorbent in treating heavy metal wastewater is introduced.The mechanism of treating heavy metal wastewater by adsorption method is discussed,including physical adsorption,chemical adsorption and biological adsorption.Then the adsorbent used in heavy metal wastewater is analyzed,including carbon-based adsorbent,nano-material adsorbent,mineral adsorbent polymeric adsorbent and biological adsorbent can effectively improve the treatment effect of heavy metal water pollution,hoping to provide reference and reference for relevant personnel.