河北坝上地区野豌豆作为绿肥的生产潜力研究

Study on the Production Potential of Vicia as Green Manure Crops in Bashang Area of Hebei Province

在河北坝上地区以野豌豆属毛苕子和箭筈豌豆两个种9个品种为材料,通过对物候期、生物量及氮磷钾养分积累状况比较,筛选适宜雨养旱作区种植的野豌豆属绿肥作物及品种。结果表明,供试9个品种在河北坝上地区的生长天数为91~106 d,均能正常完成全部生育进程。毛苕子的地上生物量和株高显著高于箭筈豌豆(P<0.05),植株氮含量低于箭筈豌豆,磷含量和钾含量高于箭筈豌豆;毛苕子的氮积累量和磷积累量显著高于箭筈豌豆(P<0.05),钾积累量高于箭筈豌豆。9个品种中,土库曼苕、腾选苕和广西金洲苕地上部生物量和养分积累量较高,干物质产量在3908.14~4043.95 kg/hm^(2)之间,氮积累量和钾积累量分别达122.50 kg/hm^(2)和107.50 kg/hm^(2)以上,磷积累量在19.73~23.01 kg/hm^(2)之间,表现为生产潜力高且能提供优质高产有机肥源,生产中可优先选择利用。

In this study,nine varieties of hairy vetch(Vicia villosa)and common vetch(Vicia sativa)were selected as materials in the Bashang area of Hebei Province.The aim was to compare their phenology,biomass and nutrient(N,P,K)accumulation,in order to identify suitable species and varieties of Vicia for green manure in rain-fed dryland areas.The results showed that all nine varieties completed their entire growth cycle normally in Bashang area,with a growth period ranging from 91 to 106 days.The aboveground biomass and plant height of hairy vetch were significantly higher than those of common vetch(P<0.05),while the nitrogen(N)content was lower and the phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)contents were higher.The N and P accumulation of hairy vetch were significantly higher than those of common vetch(P<0.05),while the K accumulation was higher.Among the nine varieties,Tukuman,Tengxuan and Guangxijinzhou of hairy vetch had higher aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation,with dry matter yields ranging from 3908.14 to 4043.95 kg/hm^(2),N and K accumulation exceeding 122.50 kg/hm^(2) and 107.50 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and P accumulation ranging from 19.73 to 23.01 kg/hm^(2).These varieties demonstrated high production potential and can provide a high-quality and high-yield organic fertilizer source,making them a priority for production.