海岸海洋碳循环过程与CO_(2)负排放

Carbon cycling in costal ocean and CO_(2)negative emissions

海岸海洋接受大量来自陆源的碳物质和营养盐,涉及大量以碳为中心的相互作用,是重要的碳循环海域;同时,该区域也常发育具有良好圈闭条件的储-盖系统,具有明显的CO_(2)储集潜力。该文以海岸海洋及其下发育的沉积盆地为研究对象,综述了碳物质在海岸海洋中的循环过程、CO_(2)通量的影响因素和海岸海洋沉积盆地的储碳机理。从“双碳”角度,重点论述了海岸海洋在促进CO_(2)负排放方面的意义、促进海洋负碳排放的潜在途径和在沉积盆地的储碳潜力及面临的问题。海岸海洋是重要的碳汇区域之一,高效率的微生物碳泵和碳酸盐碳泵是增强海岸海洋CO_(2)负排放的核心过程;同时,海岸海洋沉积盆地中的储-盖系统,不但提供了额外的CO_(2)封存空间,也保障了CO_(2)封存的安全性。未来的研究应以抑制海岸海洋中碳物质向CO_(2)转化的进程和保障沉积储层中CO_(2)封存的安全性为主要方向,为CO_(2)负排放提供理论依据与技术保障。

Costal ocean receives a bunch of carbon materials and nutrients from terrestrial sources,relates a lot of carbon-involving interactions.Meanwhile,it is normal that sedimentary reservoir-cap systems with good trap conditions beneath coastal ocean,these entrapments have potentials to storage CO_(2).This review focuses on the coastal ocean as the research object,and introduces the carbon cycle processes in coastal ocean,their factors which could influence CO_(2)fluxes in the carbon cycle processes,and the potential carbon storage mechanisms of the coastal marine sedimentary basins.From the perspective of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”,the significance of coastal oceans for“Ocean Negative Carbon Emission(ONCE)”,its potential promotion paths,carbon storage potentials in sedimentary basins and the problems faced by coastal oceans are discussed.Overall,the costal ocean is one of the important blue carbon sink areas.In the coastal marine seawater system,improving the reaction efficiency of microbial carbon pump and carbonate carbon pump have positive significance for CO_(2)negative emissions;The suitable reservoir-cap systems for CO_(2)storage beneath coastal ocean can not only provide extra spaces,but also guarantee the safety for CO_(2)storage.In the future,the main research directions should be to inhibit the conversion process of carbon materials to CO_(2)in coastal oceans and ensure the safety of CO_(2)storage in sedimentary reservoirs,these could provide theoretical basis and technical guarantee for CO_(2)negative emissions.