公路隧道洞口景观构景元素分析

Landscape Elements Analysis of Highway Tunnel Entrance

为了明确景观在隧道工程领域的研究和应用现状,对洞口景观构景元素进行了系统梳理,分析了构景元素的具体表现形式并提出了相应的设计建议。结果表明:隧道洞门类型决定了洞口景观设计的整体风格,借助洞门装饰、肌理、颜色、亮度、线型等元素的整体表现发挥洞门外观的构景效果;经过暗化和柔化处理的洞门墙面,可以减少对光线的反射,降低洞口亮度,减缓洞门压迫感;洞口绿化通过生态防护和栽植绿化达到生态修复和美化环境的目的,借助植物自身的吸光能力和低反射率对洞口进行减光处理,营造舒适的行车环境,是目前公路隧道景观设计的主流;洞口铭牌、小品建筑、彩色路面等诱导系统具有信息导向作用,通过造型、色彩、位置及风格的合理设置能够正确发挥视线诱导功能,提高驾驶人注意力;考虑地域文化以及与周围环境协调性的洞口景观设计可以缓解驾驶人心理紧张感,提高安全性和舒适性。

In order to clarify the research and application status of landscape in tunnel engineering,the landscape elements of tunnel entrance were systematically sorted out,the specific expressions of landscape elements were analyzed and corresponding design recommendations were proposed.The results show that the type of tunnel portal determines the overall style of the landscape of tunnel entrance.The overall performance of portal decoration,texture,color,brightness,line type,etc.has a great influence on the landscape effects of portal appearance.The darkened and softened portal wall may reduce the light reflection,decrease tunnel entrance brightness,and relieve portal oppression.Greening at the entrance can restore the ecology and beautify the environment through ecological protection and planting.The light-absorbing ability and low reflectivity of plants may reduce the light at the entrance.The greening creates a comfortable driving environment,which is currently the mainstream of highway tunnel landscape design.The guiding system such as entrance nameplates,sketch buildings,and colored pavements has an informationoriented function.Through reasonable settings of shape,color,location,and style,the sight-inducing function can be correctly used to improve drivers’attention.The landscape design at the entrance that considers the regional culture and the coordination with the surrounding environment can relieve drivers’psychological tension and improve safety and comfort.