企业环保信用评价制度写入环境法典的正当性

The Legitimacy of the Enterprise Environmental Credit Assessment System in the Environmental Code

企业环保信用评价是指具有资质的机构根据既定的评价指标、方法和程序,对企业遵守环保法律法规、承担环保社会责任、履行环保合约等方面的环境行为信息进行全面的评估,并确定可公开的环境信用等级,供有关部门、机构、组织、个人等引用的环境治理手段。企业环保信用评价制度写入环境法典具备三方面的正当性:一是《生态环境法典草案专家建议稿及说明》中命令管控型制度占比过重,市场激励类尤其是自我规制类制度占比过少,企业环保信用评价制度有助于优化环境法典的制度类型结构;二是企业环保信用评价制度具有阻却企业环境可控风险的预防功能、实化环保信用多元治理的规范功能、形塑企业绿色发展内生机制的引导功能等显著的功能性优势;三是我国大量企业环保信用评价既有的国家政策及优秀的地方实践成果亟待法律转化及立法确认。企业环保信用评价制度写入环境法典应当在总则中设定参评主体及评价标准的原则性条款,在绿色低碳发展编中设定评价结果应用的具体规则。

Enterprise environmental credit evaluation refers to the environmental governance means by which qualified organizations assess,according to established evaluation indicators,methods and procedures,information on the environmental behaviour of enterprises in terms of their compliance with environmental laws and regulations,their assumption of social responsibility for environmental protection and their performance of environmental protection contracts in a comprehensive manner,and determine a publicly available environmental credit rating for reference by relevant departments,institutions,organizations,individuals,etc.Three aspects justify the inclusion of an environmental credit assessment system in the environmental code:Firstly,the proportion of order and control-type systems in Expert Proposal and Description of Ecologcial and Environmental Code is in major and the proportion of market incentive-type systems,especially self-regulation-type systems,is too small,and the enterprise environmental credit evaluation system can help optimize the structure of the types of systems in the environmental code.Secondly,the enterprise environmental credit evaluation system has significant functional advantages such as the preventive function of deterring controllable risks to the environment,the normative function of actualizing multiple governance of environmental credit,and the guiding function of shaping the endogenous mechanism of green development of enterprises.Thirdly,a large number of the enterprise environmental credit evaluation in China of established national policies and excellent local practice results are in urgent need of legal transformation and legislative confirmation.The environmental credit assessment system for enterprises should be included in the environmental code by setting out in the general provisions the principles of the subjects to be assessed and the assessment criteria,and in the green and low-carbon development section by setting out specific rules for the application of the assessment results.