为天才儿童准备个性化教育——马来西亚天才教育研究

Prepare Individualized Education for Gifted Children:Gifted Education in Malaysia

天才儿童教育是拔尖创新人才培养的重要基础工程,也逐渐成为世界各国教育发展的重要组成部分。马来西亚天才儿童教育肇始于20世纪60年代,经过几十年的探索与发展,已形成了相对成熟的天才儿童教育体系。梳理文献发现,由于长期受平等主义理念影响,马来西亚天才儿童教育发展历经了从实施试点计划到纳入特殊教育,再到单独政策立法的反复探索,最终实现了从避免“差异化”到重视“个性化”的转向。基于实践,马来西亚采用了一套三轮选拔流程的标准化测试混合评估系统,开发了涵盖课程、教学、考核三维要素的人才培养系统。同时从组织架构、经费投入、师资培养和协会指导四个方面构建了天才教育支持保障体系,引入了“天才中心”“天才学院”“数字教室”等创新做法。

The education of gifted children is an important basic project for the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents and has gradually become a vital part of the global education development.The education of gifted children in Malaysia started in the 1960s.After decades of exploration and development,a relatively mature education system for gifted children has been formed.After reviewing the literature,it is found that due to the long-term influence of egalitarianism,the development of gifted children education in Malaysia has gone through repeated explorations from the implementation of pilot programs to the inclusion of special education,and then to separate policies and legislation,and finally realized the shift from avoiding“differentiation”to emphasizing“individuation”.Based on practice,Malaysia has adopted a mixed assessment system of standardized tests with three rounds of selection process,and developed a talent cultivation system that covers three dimensions of curriculum,teaching and assessment.In addition,it has built a support and guarantee system for gifted education from four aspects:organizational structure,funding investment,teacher training and association guidance,and introduced innovative practices such as“gifted center”,“gifted academy”and“digital classroom”.