包容理念下的天赋与天才教育——南非天才儿童教育研究

Gifted and Talented Education under the Concept of Inclusion:A Study on the Education of Gifted Children in South Africa

随着国际竞争的加剧,人才培养成为各国提升国力的重要途径,天才儿童的选拔和培养也成为各国教育的重要内容。在此背景下,南非积极探索构建天才儿童教育体系的有效路径。经过梳理文献发现,南非天才儿童教育始于20世纪20年代,1994年之后纳入主流教育体系。南非政府主要通过制定法律法规、政策适度引导、支持教师专业建设三个方面保障天才儿童教育的实施。在培养体系上注重选拔工具多样化,培养课程差异化,升学途径多元化。但由于过于强调教育的包容性,加之天才儿童教育本身的复杂性和艰巨性,南非天才儿童教育仍面临较大的困难和挑战。

With the intensification of international competition,talent training has become an important way for each country to enhance its national strength,and the selection and training of gifted children has also become an important content of education in each country.In this context,South Africa actively explores effective ways to build an education system for gifted children.After reviewing the literature,it is found that the education of gifted children in South Africa began in the 1920s and was incorporated into the mainstream education system after 1994.The South African government mainly guarantees the implementation of the education of gifted children through the formulation of laws and regulations,appropriate policy guidance and support for the professional construction of teachers.The training system pays attention to the diversification of selection tools,which cultivates the differentiation of courses and the diversification of the way to study.However,due to the overemphasis on the inclusive education,coupled with the complexity and arduousness of the education of gifted children,the education of gifted children in South Africa still faces great difficulties and challenges.