中小学教师工作效率的内涵特征、影响因素与提升策略

Connotations,Factors and Strategies of Promoting Teachers Work Efficiency in Primary and Secondary Schools

教师工作效率不仅关系着教师工作实施情况和教师个人生命状态,还决定了学生的学习效率,影响着学生的全面发展和终身发展,从而直接关系到国家教育目标的落实,关系到国家和民族的未来。从教师工作效率的内涵分析发现,教师工作效率具有价值性、长期性和双重性等特点,其中,双重性主要体现为教师工作效率既包含教师工作产出与工作投入的比例关系,也包含教师工作产出与工作时间的比例关系。借用X效率理论和双因素激励理论来探析教师工作效率的影响因素,结果发现,中小学教师工作效率的影响因素主要有教师的专业素养、教师工作的付出回报比和学校组织文化等三个方面。《中华人民共和国教师法(修订草案)(征求意见稿)》反映了国家提升教师工作效率的要求。为此,研究认为应从教师工作效率的内涵特征和影响因素出发,借助相关法律制度,积极探索行之有效的策略,以提升教师工作效率。具体策略有:改进教师学习方式,提高教师专业素养;完善教师工作回报制度,增强教师工作动机;优化教师组织支持系统,建立教师专业付出激励机制等。

The work efficiency of teachers not only relates to their implementation of work and personal life state,but also determines the learning efficiency of students,affecting the overall development and lifelong development of students,which is directly related to the implementation of national education goals,as well as the future of the country and the nation.From the connotation analysis of teachers work efficiency,it is found that teachers work efficiency has the characteristics of high value,long term and duality.The duality is reflected in the proportional relationship between teachers work output and work input,and between teachers work output and work time.This paper analyzes the influencing factors of teachers work by using the X-Efficiency Theory and the Dual-Factor Theory,and finds that the influencing factors of teachers work efficiency mainly include the professional quality of teachers,the return-to-pay ratio of teachers work and the organizational culture of schools.Teachers Law of the People s Republic of China(revised draft)(draft for comments)reflects the requirements of teachers work efficiency improvement.Therefore,based on the connotation characteristics and influencing factors of teachers work efficiency,with the help of Teachers Law and other legal systems,we should actively explore effective strategies to improve teachers work efficiency,such as improving teachers learning style and professional quality,improving theirwork reward system and enhancing theirwork motivation,and optimizing the organizational support and establishing an incentive mechanism to improve teachers work efficiency.