“双减”背景下中小学教师工作压力水平及特征——基于云贵川渝的调查

Work Stress Level and Characteristics of Primary and Middle School Teachers in theContext of “Double Reduction” Policy:Based on the Survey of Four Provinces in Southwest China

运用TALIS 2018教师问卷,对云贵川渝4省市41所中小学的2386名教师的工作压力水平进行调查。研究发现:云贵川渝中小学教师的工作压力水平整体偏高,且呈现出明显的民族差异、学历差异、学段差异和教龄差异;与上海和OECD平均水平相比,云贵川渝初中教师的工作场压力明显更高;云贵川渝初中教师的工作量压力主要来自备课、授课、批改作业等与教学相关的工作,相比之下教学负担更重;学生成绩、班级纪律和家长工作等也是云贵川渝初中教师工作压力的主要来源,教师的隐性工作繁杂。为推动云贵川渝中小学教师减负减压工作的顺利实施,促进教师队伍建设和教师专业发展,研究提出4点建议:厘清教师工作边界,明晰教师权责范围;利用技术赋能教师,实现提质增效;实施优师强师计划,完善定向培养供需对接机制;促进多方协同,实现家校社共育。

This research used the TALIS 2018 questionnaire to investigate the work stress level of 2386 primary and middle school teachers from 41 schools in Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan and Chongqing.It is found that the work stress level of primary and secondary school teachers in these four provinces is relatively high on the whole,with significant differences in ethnic groups,academic qualification,school stages and teaching years.Compared with the average level of OECD and Shanghai,the workplace stress of middle school teachers in the four provinces is significantly higher.Moreover,the workload stress of middle school teachers in the four provincesmainly comes from teaching preparation,teaching and homework correction,causing a heavier teaching burden.In addition,student achievement,class management and parents work are also the main sources of work stress for middle school teachers in the four provinces.To reduce the stress and burden of primary and middle school teachers in the four provinces,and promote the construction of teacher ranks and professional development,it is necessary to clarify the boundary of teachers responsibilities,rights and obligations;to aid teachers with technology,thus improving efficiency and quality;to implement directional training to strengthen teachers constructions;to promote multi-party coordination and home school co-education.