文化交融视野下的福州三坊七巷私家园林特征探析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Private Gardens in the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou under the Vision of Cultural Integration

三坊七巷是福州千年历史文化的典型缩影。坊巷格局借鉴“里坊制”,坊巷内的私家园林体现了隐逸文化、福州本土文化、西方文化对私家园林精神意趣、表现形式、建筑风格的影响。坊巷格局与私家园林在时间、空间、序列、邻里上关系紧密,为私家园林文化的孕育和传播提供了有利条件。通过文献研究和田野调查,对福州三坊七巷的坊巷格局成因、坊巷与私家园林的共生关系、私家园林的文化交融特征进行剖析。三坊七巷私家园林作为历史文化载体,反映不同时期人口迁移引起的文化涵化;壶天之隐的园居思想推动了造园的积极主动性;坊巷环境与个体审美促成私家园林格局的统一与差异;私家园林的营造将外来文化与本土文化融合,共同创新园林要素,以期为福州地域性园林的进一步研究奠定基础。

The Three Lanes and Seven Alleys is the typical epitome of the thousands-year history and culture of Fuzhou.The pattern of lanes drew on the experience of‘Lifang unit system’.And private gardens reflect the influence of reclusive culture,Fuzhou local culture and western culture on spiritual interest,forms of expression and architectural styles of private gardens.The pattern of lanes and private gardens are closely related in time,space,sequence and neighborhood,promoting the gestation and transmission of private garden cculture.Based on the literature and field research,this paper makes an exploration from three aspects,1)causes of the pattern of lanes;2)symbiotic relationship between the pattern of lanes and private gardens;3)characteristics of the cultural integration in private gardens.It is found that private gardens in the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys is a historical and cultural carrier,which reflects the cultural acculturation caused by population migration in different periods;the idea of seclusion promotes the initiative of gardening;the environment of lanes and individual aesthetic contribute to the unity and difference of private garden pattern;the construction of private gardens integrates foreign culture with local culture,creating new elements of gardens.It is expected to lay a foundation for further research on Fuzhou reional gardens through this paper.